Human Evaluation of Creative NLG Systems: An Interdisciplinary Survey on Recent Papers
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We survey human evaluation in papers presenting work on creative natural language generation that have been published in INLG 2020 and ICCC 2020. The most typical human evaluation method is a scaled survey, typically on a 5 point scale, while many other less common methods exist. The most commonly evaluated parameters are meaning, syntactic correctness, novelty, relevance and emotional value, among many others. Our guidelines for future evaluation include clearly defining the goal of the generative system, asking questions as concrete as possible, testing the evaluation setup, using multiple different evaluation setups, reporting the entire evaluation process and potential biases clearly, and finally analyzing the evaluation results in a more profound way than merely reporting the most typical statistics.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Jul 2021.
Builds on
14 of 72 references.
References · 14
- 2016Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dialogue Generationcited by 286
- 2021The GEM Benchmark: Natural Language Generation, its Evaluation and Metricscited by 239
- 2020Chart-to-Text: Generating Natural Language Descriptions for Charts by Adapting the Transformer Modelcited by 77
- 2018Attaining the Unattainable? Reassessing Claims of Human Parity in Neural Machine Translationcited by 58
- 2020ReviewRobot: Explainable Paper Review Generation based on Knowledge Synthesiscited by 53
- 2020GLGE: A New General Language Generation Evaluation Benchmarkcited by 47
- 2020Stable Style Transformer: Delete and Generate Approach with Encoder-Decoder for Text Style Transfercited by 22
- 2020Policy-Driven Neural Response Generation for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Systemscited by 17
- 2019Toward Automated Quest Generation in Text-Adventure Gamescited by 14
- 2019Let's FACE it. Finnish Poetry Generation with Aesthetics and Framingcited by 11
- 2020Paranoid Transformer: Reading Narrative of Madness as Computational Approach to Creativitycited by 8
- 2021The Great Misalignment Problem in Human Evaluation of NLP Methodscited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 3; 2024: 5; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
18 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2024LLM-based NLG Evaluation: Current Status and Challengescited by 71
- 2022On the Blind Spots of Model-Based Evaluation Metrics for Text Generationcited by 48
- 2024Pron vs Prompt: Can Large Language Models already Challenge a World-Class Fiction Author at Creative Text Writing?cited by 26
- 2024Automatic Metrics in Natural Language Generation: A Survey of Current Evaluation Practicescited by 19
- 2023Can ChatGPT Perform Reasoning Using the IRAC Method in Analyzing Legal Scenarios Like a Lawyer?cited by 12
- 2022What is Wrong with Language Models that Can Not Tell a Story?cited by 4
- 2023Post Turing: Mapping the landscape of LLM Evaluationcited by 4
- 2024CoCo Matrix: Taxonomy of Cognitive Contributions in Co-writing with Intelligent Agentscited by 2
- 2025A Comparative Analysis of Ethical and Safety Gaps in LLMs using Relative Danger Coefficientcited by 2
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey of Natural Language Generation Advances from the Perspective of Digital Deceptioncited by 1
- 2022Automatic Generation of Factual News Headlines in Finnishcited by 1
- 2022Modern French Poetry Generation with RoBERTa and GPT-2cited by 1
6 more
- 2024A Perspective on Literary Metaphor in the Context of Generative AIcited by 1
- 2023Erato: Automatizing Poetry Evaluationcited by 0
- 2025A Conceptual Framework for AI Capability Evaluationscited by 0
- 2025From NLG Evaluation to Modern Student Assessment in the Era of ChatGPT: The Great Misalignment Problem and Pedagogical Multi-Factor Assessment (P-MFA)cited by 0
- 2026Aggregate vs. Personalized Judges in Business Idea Evaluation: Evidence from Expert Disagreementcited by 0
- 2026Grounded Satirical Generation with RAGcited by 0
- 2026Grounded Satirical Generation with RAG11 May 2026
- 2026Aggregate vs. Personalized Judges in Business Idea Evaluation: Evidence from Expert Disagreement24 Apr 2026
- 2025From NLG Evaluation to Modern Student Assessment in the Era of ChatGPT: The Great Misalignment Problem and Pedagogical Multi-Factor Assessment (P-MFA)17 Dec 2025
- 2025A Conceptual Framework for AI Capability Evaluations23 Jun 2025
- 2025A Comparative Analysis of Ethical and Safety Gaps in LLMs using Relative Danger Coefficient6 May 2025
- 2024A Perspective on Literary Metaphor in the Context of Generative AI2 Sep 2024
- 2024Automatic Metrics in Natural Language Generation: A Survey of Current Evaluation Practices17 Aug 2024
- 2024Pron vs Prompt: Can Large Language Models already Challenge a World-Class Fiction Author at Creative Text Writing?1 Jul 2024
- 2024CoCo Matrix: Taxonomy of Cognitive Contributions in Co-writing with Intelligent Agents21 May 2024
- 2024LLM-based NLG Evaluation: Current Status and Challenges2 Feb 2024
- 2023Post Turing: Mapping the landscape of LLM Evaluation3 Nov 2023
- 2023Erato: Automatizing Poetry Evaluation31 Oct 2023
6 more
- 2023Can ChatGPT Perform Reasoning Using the IRAC Method in Analyzing Legal Scenarios Like a Lawyer?23 Oct 2023
- 2022On the Blind Spots of Model-Based Evaluation Metrics for Text Generation20 Dec 2022
- 2022Modern French Poetry Generation with RoBERTa and GPT-26 Dec 2022
- 2022Automatic Generation of Factual News Headlines in Finnish5 Dec 2022
- 2022What is Wrong with Language Models that Can Not Tell a Story?9 Nov 2022
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey of Natural Language Generation Advances from the Perspective of Digital Deception11 Aug 2022
- 2024LLM-based NLG Evaluation: Current Status and Challengescited by 71
- 2022On the Blind Spots of Model-Based Evaluation Metrics for Text Generationcited by 48
- 2024Pron vs Prompt: Can Large Language Models already Challenge a World-Class Fiction Author at Creative Text Writing?cited by 26
- 2024Automatic Metrics in Natural Language Generation: A Survey of Current Evaluation Practicescited by 19
- 2022What is Wrong with Language Models that Can Not Tell a Story?cited by 4
- 2023Post Turing: Mapping the landscape of LLM Evaluationcited by 4
- 2024CoCo Matrix: Taxonomy of Cognitive Contributions in Co-writing with Intelligent Agentscited by 2
- 2025A Comparative Analysis of Ethical and Safety Gaps in LLMs using Relative Danger Coefficientcited by 2
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey of Natural Language Generation Advances from the Perspective of Digital Deceptioncited by 1
- 2022Automatic Generation of Factual News Headlines in Finnishcited by 1
- 2022Modern French Poetry Generation with RoBERTa and GPT-2cited by 1
- 2024A Perspective on Literary Metaphor in the Context of Generative AIcited by 1
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026Grounded Satirical Generation with RAG11 May 2026
- 2026Aggregate vs. Personalized Judges in Business Idea Evaluation: Evidence from Expert Disagreement24 Apr 2026
- 2025From NLG Evaluation to Modern Student Assessment in the Era of ChatGPT: The Great Misalignment Problem and Pedagogical Multi-Factor Assessment (P-MFA)17 Dec 2025
- 2025A Conceptual Framework for AI Capability Evaluations23 Jun 2025
- 2025A Comparative Analysis of Ethical and Safety Gaps in LLMs using Relative Danger Coefficient6 May 2025
- 2024A Perspective on Literary Metaphor in the Context of Generative AI2 Sep 2024
- 2024Automatic Metrics in Natural Language Generation: A Survey of Current Evaluation Practices17 Aug 2024
- 2024Pron vs Prompt: Can Large Language Models already Challenge a World-Class Fiction Author at Creative Text Writing?1 Jul 2024
- 2024CoCo Matrix: Taxonomy of Cognitive Contributions in Co-writing with Intelligent Agents21 May 2024
- 2024LLM-based NLG Evaluation: Current Status and Challenges2 Feb 2024
- 2023Post Turing: Mapping the landscape of LLM Evaluation3 Nov 2023
- 2023Erato: Automatizing Poetry Evaluation31 Oct 2023
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)