Pron vs Prompt: Can Large Language Models already Challenge a World-Class Fiction Author at Creative Text Writing?
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Abstract (arXiv)
It has become routine to report research results where Large Language Models (LLMs) outperform average humans in a wide range of language-related tasks, and creative text writing is no exception. It seems natural, then, to raise the bid: Are LLMs ready to compete in creative writing skills with a top (rather than average) novelist? To provide an initial answer for this question, we have carried out a contest between Patricio Pron (an awarded novelist, considered one of the best of his generation) and GPT-4 (one of the top performing LLMs), in the spirit of AI-human duels such as DeepBlue vs Kasparov and AlphaGo vs Lee Sidol. We asked Pron and GPT-4 to provide thirty titles each, and then to write short stories for both their titles and their opponent's. Then, we prepared an evaluation rubric inspired by Boden's definition of creativity, and we collected 5,400 manual assessments provided by literature critics and scholars. The results of our experimentation indicate that LLMs are still far from challenging a top human creative writer, and that reaching such level of autonomous creative writing skills probably cannot be reached simply with larger language models.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Jul 2024.
Builds on
9 of 32 references.
References · 9
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2023GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Modelscited by 174
- 2023Art or Artifice? Large Language Models and the False Promise of Creativitycited by 168
- 2023A Confederacy of Models: a Comprehensive Evaluation of LLMs on Creative Writingcited by 98
- 2022Help me write a poem: Instruction Tuning as a Vehicle for Collaborative Poetry Writingcited by 71
- 2024The Value, Benefits, and Concerns of Generative AI-Powered Assistance in Writingcited by 37
- 2024Divergent Creativity in Humans and Large Language Modelscited by 29
- 2021Creativity and Machine Learning: A Surveycited by 21
- 2021Human Evaluation of Creative NLG Systems: An Interdisciplinary Survey on Recent Paperscited by 18
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 13; 2026: 8.
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- 2025WritingBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Generative Writingcited by 95
- 2024Can AI writing be salvaged? Mitigating Idiosyncrasies and Improving Human-AI Alignment in the Writing Process through Editscited by 49
- 2025AI-Slop to AI-Polish? Aligning Language Models through Edit-Based Writing Rewards and Test-time Computationcited by 24
- 2024CS4: Measuring the Creativity of Large Language Models Automatically by Controlling the Number of Story-Writing Constraintscited by 22
- 2024Evaluating Creative Short Story Generation in Humans and Large Language Modelscited by 21
- 2024Small Language Models can Outperform Humans in Short Creative Writing: A Study Comparing SLMs with Humans and LLMscited by 17
- 2025TALES: A Taxonomy and Analysis of Cultural Representations in LLM-generated Storiescited by 10
- 2025Evaluating Text Creativity across Diverse Domains: A Dataset and Large Language Model Evaluatorcited by 9
- 2025The Reader is the Metric: How Textual Features and Reader Profiles Explain Conflicting Evaluations of AI Creative Writingcited by 7
- 2025ORPP: Self-Optimizing Role-playing Prompts to Enhance Language Model Capabilitiescited by 3
- 2025Plug-and-Play Dramaturge: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach for Iterative Narrative Script Refinement via Collaborative LLM Agentscited by 2
- 2026AI Fiction in the Wildcited by 2
14 more
- 2024From Voice to Value: Leveraging AI to Enhance Spoken Online Reviews on the Gocited by 1
- 2025GuessBench: Sensemaking Multimodal Creativity in the Wildcited by 1
- 2025Accepted with Minor Revisions: Value of AI-Assisted Scientific Writingcited by 1
- 2026Spoiler Alert: Narrative Forecasting as a Metric for Tension in LLM Storytellingcited by 1
- 2026Narrative Flattening: How Post-Training Compresses Thematic, Affective, and Stylistic Variation in LLM Fictioncited by 1
- 2025Grandes modelos de lenguaje: de la predicci'on de palabras a la comprensi'on?cited by 0
- 2025Leveraging Large Models to Evaluate Novel Content: A Case Study on Advertisement Creativitycited by 0
- 2025Local Differences, Global Lessons: Insights from Organisation Policies for International Legislationcited by 0
- 2025DSPO: Stable and Efficient Policy Optimization for Agentic Search and Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Creative Convergence or Imitation? Genre-Specific Homogeneity in LLM-Generated Chinese Literaturecited by 0
- 2026Constrained Semantic Decompression in LLMs through Persian Proverb-Conditioned Story Generationcited by 0
- 2026Rethinking Indic AI from a Lens of Cultural Heritage Preservationcited by 0
- 2026CLIN: an Objective Framework for Evaluating Creativity in Short Persian Literary Textcited by 0
- 2026How LLMs Build Fictional Worlds: Setting and Narrative Space in AI-Generated Creative Storytellingcited by 0
- 2026How LLMs Build Fictional Worlds: Setting and Narrative Space in AI-Generated Creative Storytelling2 Sep 2026
- 2026CLIN: an Objective Framework for Evaluating Creativity in Short Persian Literary Text31 Aug 2026
- 2026Rethinking Indic AI from a Lens of Cultural Heritage Preservation7 Jul 2026
- 2026AI Fiction in the Wild22 Jun 2026
- 2026Constrained Semantic Decompression in LLMs through Persian Proverb-Conditioned Story Generation10 Jun 2026
- 2026Narrative Flattening: How Post-Training Compresses Thematic, Affective, and Stylistic Variation in LLM Fiction27 May 2026
- 2026Spoiler Alert: Narrative Forecasting as a Metric for Tension in LLM Storytelling10 Apr 2026
- 2026Creative Convergence or Imitation? Genre-Specific Homogeneity in LLM-Generated Chinese Literature15 Mar 2026
- 2025TALES: A Taxonomy and Analysis of Cultural Representations in LLM-generated Stories26 Nov 2025
- 2025Accepted with Minor Revisions: Value of AI-Assisted Scientific Writing16 Nov 2025
- 2025DSPO: Stable and Efficient Policy Optimization for Agentic Search and Reasoning10 Oct 2025
- 2025Plug-and-Play Dramaturge: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach for Iterative Narrative Script Refinement via Collaborative LLM Agents6 Oct 2025
14 more
- 2025The Reader is the Metric: How Textual Features and Reader Profiles Explain Conflicting Evaluations of AI Creative Writing3 Jun 2025
- 2025ORPP: Self-Optimizing Role-playing Prompts to Enhance Language Model Capabilities3 Jun 2025
- 2025GuessBench: Sensemaking Multimodal Creativity in the Wild1 Jun 2025
- 2025Evaluating Text Creativity across Diverse Domains: A Dataset and Large Language Model Evaluator25 May 2025
- 2025AI-Slop to AI-Polish? Aligning Language Models through Edit-Based Writing Rewards and Test-time Computation10 Apr 2025
- 2025WritingBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Generative Writing7 Mar 2025
- 2025Leveraging Large Models to Evaluate Novel Content: A Case Study on Advertisement Creativity26 Feb 2025
- 2025Grandes modelos de lenguaje: de la predicci'on de palabras a la comprensi'on?25 Feb 2025
- 2025Local Differences, Global Lessons: Insights from Organisation Policies for International Legislation19 Feb 2025
- 2024From Voice to Value: Leveraging AI to Enhance Spoken Online Reviews on the Go6 Dec 2024
- 2024Evaluating Creative Short Story Generation in Humans and Large Language Models4 Nov 2024
- 2024CS4: Measuring the Creativity of Large Language Models Automatically by Controlling the Number of Story-Writing Constraints5 Oct 2024
- 2024Can AI writing be salvaged? Mitigating Idiosyncrasies and Improving Human-AI Alignment in the Writing Process through Edits22 Sep 2024
- 2024Small Language Models can Outperform Humans in Short Creative Writing: A Study Comparing SLMs with Humans and LLMs17 Sep 2024
- 2025WritingBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Generative Writingcited by 95
- 2024Can AI writing be salvaged? Mitigating Idiosyncrasies and Improving Human-AI Alignment in the Writing Process through Editscited by 49
- 2024CS4: Measuring the Creativity of Large Language Models Automatically by Controlling the Number of Story-Writing Constraintscited by 22
- 2024Evaluating Creative Short Story Generation in Humans and Large Language Modelscited by 21
- 2024Small Language Models can Outperform Humans in Short Creative Writing: A Study Comparing SLMs with Humans and LLMscited by 17
- 2025TALES: A Taxonomy and Analysis of Cultural Representations in LLM-generated Storiescited by 10
- 2025Evaluating Text Creativity across Diverse Domains: A Dataset and Large Language Model Evaluatorcited by 9
- 2025The Reader is the Metric: How Textual Features and Reader Profiles Explain Conflicting Evaluations of AI Creative Writingcited by 7
- 2025ORPP: Self-Optimizing Role-playing Prompts to Enhance Language Model Capabilitiescited by 3
- 2026AI Fiction in the Wildcited by 2
- 2024From Voice to Value: Leveraging AI to Enhance Spoken Online Reviews on the Gocited by 1
- 2025Accepted with Minor Revisions: Value of AI-Assisted Scientific Writingcited by 1
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2026How LLMs Build Fictional Worlds: Setting and Narrative Space in AI-Generated Creative Storytelling2 Sep 2026
- 2026CLIN: an Objective Framework for Evaluating Creativity in Short Persian Literary Text31 Aug 2026
- 2026Rethinking Indic AI from a Lens of Cultural Heritage Preservation7 Jul 2026
- 2026AI Fiction in the Wild22 Jun 2026
- 2026Constrained Semantic Decompression in LLMs through Persian Proverb-Conditioned Story Generation10 Jun 2026
- 2026Narrative Flattening: How Post-Training Compresses Thematic, Affective, and Stylistic Variation in LLM Fiction27 May 2026
- 2026Spoiler Alert: Narrative Forecasting as a Metric for Tension in LLM Storytelling10 Apr 2026
- 2026Creative Convergence or Imitation? Genre-Specific Homogeneity in LLM-Generated Chinese Literature15 Mar 2026
- 2025TALES: A Taxonomy and Analysis of Cultural Representations in LLM-generated Stories26 Nov 2025
- 2025Accepted with Minor Revisions: Value of AI-Assisted Scientific Writing16 Nov 2025
- 2025The Reader is the Metric: How Textual Features and Reader Profiles Explain Conflicting Evaluations of AI Creative Writing3 Jun 2025
- 2025ORPP: Self-Optimizing Role-playing Prompts to Enhance Language Model Capabilities3 Jun 2025
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)