mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

An Efficient Deep Distribution Network for Bid Shading in First-Price Auctions

arXiv 2107.06650 ↗First posted 12 Jul 2021cs.GT cs.LG stat.MLcited by 14

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Since 2019, most ad exchanges and sell-side platforms (SSPs), in the online advertising industry, shifted from second to first price auctions. Due to the fundamental difference between these auctions, demand-side platforms (DSPs) have had to update their bidding strategies to avoid bidding unnecessarily high and hence overpaying. Bid shading was proposed to adjust the bid price intended for second-price auctions, in order to balance cost and winning probability in a first-price auction setup. In this study, we introduce a novel deep distribution network for optimal bidding in both open (non-censored) and closed (censored) online first-price auctions. Offline and online A/B testing results show that our algorithm outperforms previous state-of-art algorithms in terms of both surplus and effective cost per action (eCPX) metrics. Furthermore, the algorithm is optimized in run-time and has been deployed into VerizonMedia DSP as production algorithm, serving hundreds of billions of bid requests per day. Online A/B test shows that advertiser's ROI are improved by +2.4%, +2.4%, and +8.6% for impression based (CPM), click based (CPC), and conversion based (CPA) campaigns respectively.

Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Jul 2021.

Builds on

9 of 42 references.

References · 9

  1. 2016Wide & Deep Learning for Recommender Systemscited by 747
  2. 2017DeepFM: A Factorization-Machine based Neural Network for CTR Predictioncited by 676
  3. 2017Real-Time Bidding by Reinforcement Learning in Display Advertisingcited by 91
  4. 2018Budget Constrained Bidding by Model-free Reinforcement Learning in Display Advertisingcited by 61
  5. 2018Field-weighted Factorization Machines for Click-Through Rate Prediction in Display Advertisingcited by 59
  6. 2019Bid Optimization by Multivariable Control in Display Advertisingcited by 37
  7. 2019Predicting Different Types of Conversions with Multi-Task Learning in Online Advertisingcited by 21
  8. 2020Bid Shading in The Brave New World of First-Price Auctionscited by 11
  9. 2020Bid Shading by Win-Rate Estimation and Surplus Maximizationcited by 8

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 1; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 5; 2026: 2.

14 papers.

Sort:

By area: