mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Guiding the Recommender: Information-Aware Auto-Bidding for Content Promotion

arXiv 2601.20422 ↗First posted 28 Jan 2026cs.GT cs.AIcited by 0

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Modern content platforms offer paid promotion to mitigate cold start by allocating exposure via auctions. Our empirical analysis reveals a counterintuitive flaw in this paradigm: while promotion rescues low-to-medium quality content, it can harm high-quality content by forcing exposure to suboptimal audiences, polluting engagement signals and downgrading future recommendation. We recast content promotion as a dual-objective optimization that balances short-term value acquisition with long-term model improvement. To make this tractable at bid time in content promotion, we introduce a decomposable surrogate objective, gradient coverage, and establish its formal connection to Fisher Information and optimal experimental design. We design a two-stage auto-bidding algorithm based on Lagrange duality that dynamically paces budget through a shadow price and optimizes impression-level bids using per-impression marginal utilities. To address missing labels at bid time, we propose a confidence-gated gradient heuristic, paired with a zeroth-order variant for black-box models that reliably estimates learning signals in real time. We provide theoretical guarantees, proving monotone submodularity of the composite objective, sublinear regret in online auction, and budget feasibility. Extensive offline experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets validate the framework: it outperforms baselines, achieves superior final AUC/LogLoss, adheres closely to budget targets, and remains effective when gradients are approximated zeroth-order. These results show that strategic, information-aware promotion can improve long-term model performance and organic outcomes beyond naive impression-maximization strategies.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Jan 2026.

Builds on

30 of 71 references.

References · 30

  1. 2019Deep Batch Active Learning by Diverse, Uncertain Gradient Lower Boundscited by 610
  2. 2023Fine-Tuning Language Models with Just Forward Passescited by 345
  3. 2013Optimal rates for zero-order convex optimization: the power of two function evaluationscited by 198
  4. 2020A Primer on Zeroth-Order Optimization in Signal Processing and Machine Learningcited by 162
  5. 2015An Optimal Algorithm for Bandit and Zero-Order Convex Optimization with Two-Point Feedbackcited by 111
  6. 2018Zeroth-Order Stochastic Variance Reduction for Nonconvex Optimizationcited by 111
  7. 2017Stochastic Zeroth-order Optimization in High Dimensionscited by 63
  8. 2024Variance-reduced Zeroth-Order Methods for Fine-Tuning Language Modelscited by 54
  9. 2019Improved Zeroth-Order Variance Reduced Algorithms and Analysis for Nonconvex Optimizationcited by 47
  10. 2020Zeroth-Order Regularized Optimization (ZORO): Approximately Sparse Gradients and Adaptive Samplingcited by 46
  11. 2024Optimal experimental design: Formulations and computationscited by 45
  12. 2022Gradient-Free Methods for Deterministic and Stochastic Nonsmooth Nonconvex Optimizationcited by 43
18 more
  1. 2018Zeroth-order Nonconvex Stochastic Optimization: Handling Constraints, High-Dimensionality and Saddle-Pointscited by 37
  2. 2020Optimal No-regret Learning in Repeated First-price Auctionscited by 33
  3. 2017Adaptive Sampling Strategies for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 30
  4. 2024Auto-bidding and Auctions in Online Advertising: A Surveycited by 26
  5. 2023ZO-AdaMU Optimizer: Adapting Perturbation by the Momentum and Uncertainty in Zeroth-order Optimizationcited by 25
  6. 2014Real-Time Bidding Benchmarking with iPinYou Datasetcited by 19
  7. 2017Attribution Modeling Increases Efficiency of Bidding in Display Advertisingcited by 19
  8. 2017Near-Optimal Discrete Optimization for Experimental Design: A Regret Minimization Approachcited by 19
  9. 2020A New One-Point Residual-Feedback Oracle For Black-Box Learning and Controlcited by 14
  10. 2021An Efficient Deep Distribution Network for Bid Shading in First-Price Auctionscited by 14
  11. 2023Learning to Bid in Repeated First-Price Auctions with Budgetscited by 14
  12. 2021Zeroth-Order Algorithms for Stochastic Distributed Nonconvex Optimizationcited by 13
  13. 2022No-regret Learning in Repeated First-Price Auctions with Budget Constraintscited by 9
  14. 2021Improve Single-Point Zeroth-Order Optimization Using High-Pass and Low-Pass Filterscited by 8
  15. 2024DAVED: Data Acquisition via Experimental Design for Data Marketscited by 6
  16. 2023Zeroth-Order Learning in Continuous Games via Residual Pseudogradient Estimatescited by 3
  17. 2025Subspace-based Approximate Hessian Method for Zeroth-Order Optimizationcited by 2
  18. 2024Stochastic Two Points Method for Deep Model Zeroth-order Optimizationcited by 1

Built on by

Not cited yet.