X-MAN: Explaining multiple sources of anomalies in video
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Our objective is to detect anomalies in video while also automatically explaining the reason behind the detector's response. In a practical sense, explainability is crucial for this task as the required response to an anomaly depends on its nature and severity. However, most leading methods (based on deep neural networks) are not interpretable and hide the decision making process in uninterpretable feature representations. In an effort to tackle this problem we make the following contributions: (1) we show how to build interpretable feature representations suitable for detecting anomalies with state of the art performance, (2) we propose an interpretable probabilistic anomaly detector which can describe the reason behind it's response using high level concepts, (3) we are the first to directly consider object interactions for anomaly detection and (4) we propose a new task of explaining anomalies and release a large dataset for evaluating methods on this task. Our method competes well with the state of the art on public datasets while also providing anomaly explanation based on objects and their interactions.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jun 2021.
Builds on
17 of 26 references.
References · 17
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
- 2018Deep Anomaly Detection with Outlier Exposurecited by 939
- 2019Likelihood Ratios for Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 451
- 2020Generalized ODIN: Detecting Out-of-distribution Image without Learning from Out-of-distribution Datacited by 408
- 2017Future Frame Prediction for Anomaly Detection -- A New Baselinecited by 391
- 2020Learning Memory-guided Normality for Anomaly Detectioncited by 278
- 2016Learning Temporal Regularity in Video Sequencescited by 254
- 2015Visual Semantic Role Labelingcited by 188
- 2020DRG: Dual Relation Graph for Human-Object Interaction Detectioncited by 117
- 2018Object-centric Auto-encoders and Dummy Anomalies for Abnormal Event Detection in Videocited by 110
- 2017Abnormal Event Detection in Videos using Generative Adversarial Netscited by 82
5 more
- 2020The AVA-Kinetics Localized Human Actions Video Datasetcited by 82
- 2017Joint Detection and Recounting of Abnormal Events by Learning Deep Generic Knowledgecited by 55
- 2018Detecting abnormal events in video using Narrowed Normality Clusterscited by 30
- 2017Training Adversarial Discriminators for Cross-channel Abnormal Event Detection in Crowdscited by 28
- 2015Real-Time Anomaly Detection and Localization in Crowded Scenescited by 20
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 2; 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
10 papers.
- 2021UBnormal: New Benchmark for Supervised Open-Set Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 91
- 2022A Survey on Explainable Anomaly Detectioncited by 39
- 2021Discrete neural representations for explainable anomaly detectioncited by 12
- 2022Multi-Contextual Predictions with Vision Transformer for Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 10
- 2023Unveiling the Unseen: A Comprehensive Survey on Explainable Anomaly Detection in Images and Videoscited by 7
- 2024Uncertainty-boosted Robust Video Activity Anticipationcited by 7
- 2025ComplexVAD: Detecting Interaction Anomalies in Videocited by 7
- 2025Leveraging Multimodal LLM Descriptions of Activity for Explainable Semi-Supervised Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 4
- 2025Advancing Video Anomaly Detection: A Bi-Directional Hybrid Framework for Enhanced Single- and Multi-Task Approachescited by 0
- 2026Look Inside Each Video: Rethinking How Video Anomaly Detection Is Evaluatedcited by 0
- 2026Look Inside Each Video: Rethinking How Video Anomaly Detection Is Evaluated22 Aug 2026
- 2025Leveraging Multimodal LLM Descriptions of Activity for Explainable Semi-Supervised Video Anomaly Detection16 Oct 2025
- 2025Advancing Video Anomaly Detection: A Bi-Directional Hybrid Framework for Enhanced Single- and Multi-Task Approaches20 Apr 2025
- 2025ComplexVAD: Detecting Interaction Anomalies in Video16 Jan 2025
- 2024Uncertainty-boosted Robust Video Activity Anticipation29 Apr 2024
- 2023Unveiling the Unseen: A Comprehensive Survey on Explainable Anomaly Detection in Images and Videos13 Feb 2023
- 2022A Survey on Explainable Anomaly Detection13 Oct 2022
- 2022Multi-Contextual Predictions with Vision Transformer for Video Anomaly Detection17 Jun 2022
- 2021Discrete neural representations for explainable anomaly detection10 Dec 2021
- 2021UBnormal: New Benchmark for Supervised Open-Set Video Anomaly Detection16 Nov 2021