Diverse Pretrained Context Encodings Improve Document Translation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a new architecture for adapting a sentence-level sequence-to-sequence transformer by incorporating multiple pretrained document context signals and assess the impact on translation performance of (1) different pretraining approaches for generating these signals, (2) the quantity of parallel data for which document context is available, and (3) conditioning on source, target, or source and target contexts. Experiments on the NIST Chinese-English, and IWSLT and WMT English-German tasks support four general conclusions: that using pretrained context representations markedly improves sample efficiency, that adequate parallel data resources are crucial for learning to use document context, that jointly conditioning on multiple context representations outperforms any single representation, and that source context is more valuable for translation performance than target side context. Our best multi-context model consistently outperforms the best existing context-aware transformers.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Jun 2021.
Builds on
37 of 44 references.
References · 37
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2014Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translatecited by 4,548
- 2019XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understandingcited by 2,811
- 2018Deep contextualized word representationscited by 2,290
- 2018SentencePiece: A simple and language independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for Neural Text Processingcited by 1,989
- 2018A Call for Clarity in Reporting BLEU Scorescited by 1,799
- 2019PEGASUS: Pre-training with Extracted Gap-sentences for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 1,102
- 2019Cross-lingual Language Model Pretrainingcited by 1,090
- 2015Improving Neural Machine Translation Models with Monolingual Datacited by 788
- 2019Unified Language Model Pre-training for Natural Language Understanding and Generationcited by 670
25 more
- 2018Subword Regularization: Improving Neural Network Translation Models with Multiple Subword Candidatescited by 639
- 2019MASS: Masked Sequence to Sequence Pre-training for Language Generationcited by 347
- 2017Learned in Translation: Contextualized Word Vectorscited by 104
- 2018The Best of Both Worlds: Combining Recent Advances in Neural Machine Translationcited by 102
- 2018Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation Learns Anaphora Resolutioncited by 97
- 2017Neural Machine Translation with Extended Contextcited by 95
- 2017Evaluating Discourse Phenomena in Neural Machine Translationcited by 87
- 2018Document-Level Neural Machine Translation with Hierarchical Attention Networkscited by 85
- 2018Improving the Transformer Translation Model with Document-Level Contextcited by 74
- 2019Selective Attention for Context-aware Neural Machine Translationcited by 60
- 2019Microsoft Translator at WMT 2019: Towards Large-Scale Document-Level Neural Machine Translationcited by 56
- 2017Exploiting Cross-Sentence Context for Neural Machine Translationcited by 48
- 2019When and Why is Document-level Context Useful in Neural Machine Translation?cited by 45
- 2017Document Context Neural Machine Translation with Memory Networkscited by 41
- 2019Context-Aware Monolingual Repair for Neural Machine Translationcited by 41
- 2019Pretraining-Based Natural Language Generation for Text Summarizationcited by 40
- 2017Learning to Remember Translation History with a Continuous Cachecited by 39
- 2019An Embarrassingly Simple Approach for Transfer Learning from Pretrained Language Modelscited by 39
- 2017Does Neural Machine Translation Benefit from Larger Context?cited by 38
- 2019Pre-trained Language Model Representations for Language Generationcited by 34
- 2020Does Multi-Encoder Help? A Case Study on Context-Aware Neural Machine Translationcited by 34
- 2019Encoder-Agnostic Adaptation for Conditional Language Generationcited by 27
- 2020Diving Deep into Context-Aware Neural Machine Translationcited by 25
- 2020Multi-branch Attentive Transformercited by 10
- 2019Repurposing Decoder-Transformer Language Models for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
13 papers.
Sort:
- 2024How "Real" is Your Real-Time Simultaneous Speech-to-Text Translation System?cited by 17
- 2022Learn To Remember: Transformer with Recurrent Memory for Document-Level Machine Translationcited by 16
- 2022A baseline revisited: Pushing the limits of multi-segment models for context-aware translationcited by 11
- 2025InfiniSST: Simultaneous Translation of Unbounded Speech with Large Language Modelcited by 8
- 2024A Case Study on Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation with Multi-Task Learningcited by 4
- 2022Modeling Context With Linear Attention for Scalable Document-Level Translationcited by 3
- 2023Long-form Simultaneous Speech Translation: Thesis Proposalcited by 3
- 2023Exploring Paracrawl for Document-level Neural Machine Translationcited by 2
- 2022SMDT: Selective Memory-Augmented Neural Document Translationcited by 1
- 2022Do Deep Neural Networks Always Perform Better When Eating More Data?cited by 1
- 2023A Case Study on Context Encoding in Multi-Encoder based Document-Level Neural Machine Translationcited by 1
- 2026Which Tokens Need Context? A Reference-Based Analysis of Translation Responsibility Using Fertility and Entropycited by 1
- 2026Which Tokens Need Context? A Reference-Based Analysis of Translation Responsibility Using Fertility and Entropy28 Jun 2026
- 2025Beyond the Sentence: A Survey on Context-Aware Machine Translation with Large Language Models9 Jun 2025
- 2025InfiniSST: Simultaneous Translation of Unbounded Speech with Large Language Model4 Mar 2025
- 2024How "Real" is Your Real-Time Simultaneous Speech-to-Text Translation System?24 Dec 2024
- 2024A Case Study on Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation with Multi-Task Learning3 Jul 2024
- 2023Long-form Simultaneous Speech Translation: Thesis Proposal17 Oct 2023
- 2023A Case Study on Context Encoding in Multi-Encoder based Document-Level Neural Machine Translation11 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploring Paracrawl for Document-level Neural Machine Translation20 Apr 2023
- 2022A baseline revisited: Pushing the limits of multi-segment models for context-aware translation19 Oct 2022
- 2022Modeling Context With Linear Attention for Scalable Document-Level Translation16 Oct 2022
- 2022Do Deep Neural Networks Always Perform Better When Eating More Data?30 May 2022
- 2022Learn To Remember: Transformer with Recurrent Memory for Document-Level Machine Translation3 May 2022
1 more
- 2024How "Real" is Your Real-Time Simultaneous Speech-to-Text Translation System?cited by 17
- 2022Learn To Remember: Transformer with Recurrent Memory for Document-Level Machine Translationcited by 16
- 2022A baseline revisited: Pushing the limits of multi-segment models for context-aware translationcited by 11
- 2025InfiniSST: Simultaneous Translation of Unbounded Speech with Large Language Modelcited by 8
- 2024A Case Study on Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation with Multi-Task Learningcited by 4
- 2022Modeling Context With Linear Attention for Scalable Document-Level Translationcited by 3
- 2023Long-form Simultaneous Speech Translation: Thesis Proposalcited by 3
- 2023Exploring Paracrawl for Document-level Neural Machine Translationcited by 2
- 2022SMDT: Selective Memory-Augmented Neural Document Translationcited by 1
- 2022Do Deep Neural Networks Always Perform Better When Eating More Data?cited by 1
- 2023A Case Study on Context Encoding in Multi-Encoder based Document-Level Neural Machine Translationcited by 1
- 2026Which Tokens Need Context? A Reference-Based Analysis of Translation Responsibility Using Fertility and Entropycited by 1
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Which Tokens Need Context? A Reference-Based Analysis of Translation Responsibility Using Fertility and Entropy28 Jun 2026
- 2025Beyond the Sentence: A Survey on Context-Aware Machine Translation with Large Language Models9 Jun 2025
- 2025InfiniSST: Simultaneous Translation of Unbounded Speech with Large Language Model4 Mar 2025
- 2024How "Real" is Your Real-Time Simultaneous Speech-to-Text Translation System?24 Dec 2024
- 2024A Case Study on Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation with Multi-Task Learning3 Jul 2024
- 2023Long-form Simultaneous Speech Translation: Thesis Proposal17 Oct 2023
- 2023A Case Study on Context Encoding in Multi-Encoder based Document-Level Neural Machine Translation11 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploring Paracrawl for Document-level Neural Machine Translation20 Apr 2023
- 2022A baseline revisited: Pushing the limits of multi-segment models for context-aware translation19 Oct 2022
- 2022Modeling Context With Linear Attention for Scalable Document-Level Translation16 Oct 2022
- 2022Do Deep Neural Networks Always Perform Better When Eating More Data?30 May 2022
- 2022Learn To Remember: Transformer with Recurrent Memory for Document-Level Machine Translation3 May 2022
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)