Connecting Language and Vision for Natural Language-Based Vehicle Retrieval
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Vehicle search is one basic task for the efficient traffic management in terms of the AI City. Most existing practices focus on the image-based vehicle matching, including vehicle re-identification and vehicle tracking. In this paper, we apply one new modality, i.e., the language description, to search the vehicle of interest and explore the potential of this task in the real-world scenario. The natural language-based vehicle search poses one new challenge of fine-grained understanding of both vision and language modalities. To connect language and vision, we propose to jointly train the state-of-the-art vision models with the transformer-based language model in an end-to-end manner. Except for the network structure design and the training strategy, several optimization objectives are also re-visited in this work. The qualitative and quantitative experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Our proposed method has achieved the 1st place on the 5th AI City Challenge, yielding competitive performance 18.69% MRR accuracy on the private test set. We hope this work can pave the way for the future study on using language description effectively and efficiently for real-world vehicle retrieval systems. The code will be available at https://github.com/ShuaiBai623/AIC2021-T5-CLV.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 51 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 May 2021.
Builds on
51 of 71 references.
References · 51
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,372
- 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,777
- 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,442
- 2017Squeeze-and-Excitation Networkscited by 4,789
- 2013Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Spacecited by 4,375
- 2017Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Datasetcited by 3,270
- 2015Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classificationcited by 2,330
- 2021Barlow Twins: Self-Supervised Learning via Redundancy Reductioncited by 1,838
- 2021Frozen in Time: A Joint Video and Image Encoder for End-to-End Retrievalcited by 1,177
38 more
- 2019TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understandingcited by 1,167
- 2014Two-Stream Convolutional Networks for Action Recognition in Videoscited by 1,068
- 2019Unsupervised Data Augmentation for Consistency Trainingcited by 1,060
- 2019EDA: Easy Data Augmentation Techniques for Boosting Performance on Text Classification Taskscited by 807
- 2015Improving Neural Machine Translation Models with Monolingual Datacited by 788
- 2019VideoBERT: A Joint Model for Video and Language Representation Learningcited by 703
- 2017Localizing Moments in Video with Natural Languagecited by 663
- 2017TALL: Temporal Activity Localization via Language Querycited by 584
- 2017Rethinking Spatiotemporal Feature Learning: Speed-Accuracy Trade-offs in Video Classificationcited by 521
- 2021Less is More: ClipBERT for Video-and-Language Learning via Sparse Samplingcited by 484
- 2017Beyond Part Models: Person Retrieval with Refined Part Pooling (and a Strong Convolutional Baseline)cited by 473
- 2020Multi-modal Transformer for Video Retrievalcited by 395
- 2020HERO: Hierarchical Encoder for Video+Language Omni-representation Pre-trainingcited by 362
- 2020BAE: BERT-based Adversarial Examples for Text Classificationcited by 316
- 2019Learning 2D Temporal Adjacent Networks for Moment Localization with Natural Languagecited by 285
- 2017Unsupervised Machine Translation Using Monolingual Corpora Onlycited by 273
- 2020UniVL: A Unified Video and Language Pre-Training Model for Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 259
- 2019Joint Discriminative and Generative Learning for Person Re-identificationcited by 213
- 2017Dual-Path Convolutional Image-Text Embeddings with Instance Losscited by 145
- 2018MAN: Moment Alignment Network for Natural Language Moment Retrieval via Iterative Graph Adjustmentcited by 145
- 2019Augmenting Data with Mixup for Sentence Classification: An Empirical Studycited by 125
- 2020Where Does It Exist: Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding for Multi-Form Sentencescited by 118
- 2018Learning a Text-Video Embedding from Incomplete and Heterogeneous Datacited by 103
- 2018Cross-Modal and Hierarchical Modeling of Video and Textcited by 103
- 2021T2VLAD: Global-Local Sequence Alignment for Text-Video Retrievalcited by 103
- 2017Improving Person Re-identification by Attribute and Identity Learningcited by 96
- 2021M6: A Chinese Multimodal Pretrainercited by 91
- 2018Dual Encoding for Zero-Example Video Retrievalcited by 85
- 2021MDMMT: Multidomain Multimodal Transformer for Video Retrievalcited by 78
- 2016End-to-end Concept Word Detection for Video Captioning, Retrieval, and Question Answeringcited by 60
- 2019Weakly-Supervised Spatio-Temporally Grounding Natural Sentence in Videocited by 60
- 2017Multi-scale Deep Learning Architectures for Person Re-identificationcited by 44
- 2020VehicleNet: Learning Robust Visual Representation for Vehicle Re-identificationcited by 42
- 2018Weakly-Supervised Video Object Grounding from Text by Loss Weighting and Object Interactioncited by 40
- 2018Text Data Augmentation Made Simple By Leveraging NLP Cloud APIscited by 40
- 2021CityFlow-NL: Tracking and Retrieval of Vehicles at City Scale by Natural Language Descriptionscited by 26
- 2017Spatio-temporal Person Retrieval via Natural Language Queriescited by 25
- 2016Learning Joint Representations of Videos and Sentences with Web Image Searchcited by 17
50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 4; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
12 papers.
- 2022ProposalCLIP: Unsupervised Open-Category Object Proposal Generation via Exploiting CLIP Cuescited by 42
- 2022The 6th AI City Challengecited by 23
- 2023FindVehicle and VehicleFinder: A NER dataset for natural language-based vehicle retrieval and a keyword-based cross-modal vehicle retrieval systemcited by 15
- 2023Weakly-Supervised HOI Detection from Interaction Labels Only and Language/Vision-Language Priorscited by 6
- 2023Deep Clustering with a Constraint for Topological Invariance based on Symmetric InfoNCEcited by 5
- 2022OMG: Observe Multiple Granularities for Natural Language-Based Vehicle Retrievalcited by 3
- 2022Symmetric Network with Spatial Relationship Modeling for Natural Language-based Vehicle Retrievalcited by 2
- 2021SNEAK: Synonymous Sentences-Aware Adversarial Attack on Natural Language Video Localizationcited by 1
- 2024ACTrack: Adding Spatio-Temporal Condition for Visual Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2024Veri-Car: Towards Open-world Vehicle Information Retrievalcited by 1
- 2021Copy and Paste method based on Pose for Re-identificationcited by 0
- 2026T2I-VeRW: Part-level Fine-grained Perception for Text-to-Image Vehicle Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026T2I-VeRW: Part-level Fine-grained Perception for Text-to-Image Vehicle Retrieval7 May 2026
- 2024Veri-Car: Towards Open-world Vehicle Information Retrieval11 Nov 2024
- 2024ACTrack: Adding Spatio-Temporal Condition for Visual Object Tracking27 Feb 2024
- 2023FindVehicle and VehicleFinder: A NER dataset for natural language-based vehicle retrieval and a keyword-based cross-modal vehicle retrieval system21 Apr 2023
- 2023Weakly-Supervised HOI Detection from Interaction Labels Only and Language/Vision-Language Priors9 Mar 2023
- 2023Deep Clustering with a Constraint for Topological Invariance based on Symmetric InfoNCE6 Mar 2023
- 2022Symmetric Network with Spatial Relationship Modeling for Natural Language-based Vehicle Retrieval22 Jun 2022
- 2022The 6th AI City Challenge21 Apr 2022
- 2022OMG: Observe Multiple Granularities for Natural Language-Based Vehicle Retrieval18 Apr 2022
- 2022ProposalCLIP: Unsupervised Open-Category Object Proposal Generation via Exploiting CLIP Cues18 Jan 2022
- 2021SNEAK: Synonymous Sentences-Aware Adversarial Attack on Natural Language Video Localization8 Dec 2021
- 2021Copy and Paste method based on Pose for Re-identification22 Jul 2021