Deep Stable Learning for Out-Of-Distribution Generalization
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Abstract (arXiv)
Approaches based on deep neural networks have achieved striking performance when testing data and training data share similar distribution, but can significantly fail otherwise. Therefore, eliminating the impact of distribution shifts between training and testing data is crucial for building performance-promising deep models. Conventional methods assume either the known heterogeneity of training data (e.g. domain labels) or the approximately equal capacities of different domains. In this paper, we consider a more challenging case where neither of the above assumptions holds. We propose to address this problem by removing the dependencies between features via learning weights for training samples, which helps deep models get rid of spurious correlations and, in turn, concentrate more on the true connection between discriminative features and labels. Extensive experiments clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on multiple distribution generalization benchmarks compared with state-of-the-art counterparts. Through extensive experiments on distribution generalization benchmarks including PACS, VLCS, MNIST-M, and NICO, we show the effectiveness of our method compared with state-of-the-art counterparts.
Key facts. Cited by 153 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 51 of its 74 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Apr 2021.
Builds on
51 of 74 references.
References · 51
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50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 37; 2023: 45; 2024: 29; 2025: 19; 2026: 9.
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- 2021Towards Out-Of-Distribution Generalization: A Surveycited by 431
- 2021Fishr: Invariant Gradient Variances for Out-of-Distribution Generalizationcited by 186
- 2021OoD-Bench: Quantifying and Understanding Two Dimensions of Out-of-Distribution Generalizationcited by 86
- 2022NICO++: Towards Better Benchmarking for Domain Generalizationcited by 86
- 2021OOD-GNN: Out-of-Distribution Generalized Graph Neural Networkcited by 78
- 2021Generalizing Graph Neural Networks on Out-Of-Distribution Graphscited by 69
- 2023Gradient Norm Aware Minimization Seeks First-Order Flatness and Improves Generalizationcited by 57
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- 2021Towards Unsupervised Domain Generalizationcited by 40
- 2024The Clever Hans Mirage: A Comprehensive Survey on Spurious Correlations in Machine Learningcited by 39
- 2022Unleashing the Power of Graph Data Augmentation on Covariate Distribution Shiftcited by 38
- 2022Domain Generalization by Learning and Removing Domain-specific Featurescited by 28
12 most cited of 150 All 150 (JSON)
- 2026Structure-agnostic Causal Representation Learning1 Oct 2026
- 2026StableRCA: Robust Graph-Agnostic Mechanism-Level Root Cause Analysis4 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning to Extrapolate to New Tasks: A Relational Approach to Task Extrapolation28 May 2026
- 2026Deciphering Shortcut Learning from an Evolutionary Game Theory Perspective4 May 2026
- 20262D Stability Selection: Design Jittering for Doubly Stable Feature Selection4 May 2026
- 2026A Closer Look at the Application of Causal Inference in Graph Representation Learning10 Apr 2026
- 2026Multi-Modal Image Fusion via Intervention-Stable Feature Learning24 Mar 2026
- 2026Environment-Conditioned Tail Reweighting for Invariant Learning under Mixed Shifts30 Jan 2026
- 2025Self-Ensemble Post Learning for Noisy Domain Generalization11 Dec 2025
- 2025Disentangled Interest Network for Out-of-Distribution CTR Prediction14 Nov 2025
- 2025ODP-Bench: Benchmarking Out-of-Distribution Performance Prediction31 Oct 2025
- 2025Exploring Scale Shift in Crowd Localization under the Context of Domain Generalization22 Oct 2025
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