mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Half-Truth: A Partially Fake Audio Detection Dataset

arXiv 2104.03617 ↗First posted 8 Apr 2021cs.SD cs.AI cs.CLcited by 44

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Abstract (arXiv)

Diverse promising datasets have been designed to hold back the development of fake audio detection, such as ASVspoof databases. However, previous datasets ignore an attacking situation, in which the hacker hides some small fake clips in real speech audio. This poses a serious threat since that it is difficult to distinguish the small fake clip from the whole speech utterance. Therefore, this paper develops such a dataset for half-truth audio detection (HAD). Partially fake audio in the HAD dataset involves only changing a few words in an utterance.The audio of the words is generated with the very latest state-of-the-art speech synthesis technology. We can not only detect fake uttrances but also localize manipulated regions in a speech using this dataset. Some benchmark results are presented on this dataset. The results show that partially fake audio presents much more challenging than fully fake audio for fake audio detection. The HAD dataset is publicly available: https://zenodo.org/records/10377492.

Key facts. Cited by 44 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2021.

Builds on

10 of 29 references.

References · 10

  1. 2017Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictionscited by 800
  2. 2017Tacotron: Towards End-to-End Speech Synthesiscited by 487
  3. 2018Style Tokens: Unsupervised Style Modeling, Control and Transfer in End-to-End Speech Synthesiscited by 257
  4. 2019ASVspoof 2019: Future Horizons in Spoofed and Fake Audio Detectioncited by 173
  5. 2018Towards End-to-End Prosody Transfer for Expressive Speech Synthesis with Tacotroncited by 171
  6. 2015A Light CNN for Deep Face Representation with Noisy Labelscited by 126
  7. 2020AISHELL-3: A Multi-speaker Mandarin TTS Corpus and the Baselinescited by 111
  8. 2018LPCNet: Improving Neural Speech Synthesis Through Linear Predictioncited by 109
  9. 2020DeepSonar: Towards Effective and Robust Detection of AI-Synthesized Fake Voicescited by 24
  10. 2020Light Convolutional Neural Network with Feature Genuinization for Detection of Synthetic Speech Attackscited by 23

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 8; 2023: 6; 2024: 11; 2025: 7; 2026: 12.

44 papers.

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  1. 2022ADD 2022: the First Audio Deep Synthesis Detection Challengecited by 94
  2. 2023Multimodal Automated Fact-Checking: A Surveycited by 51
  3. 2024SpoofCeleb: Speech Deepfake Detection and SASV In The Wildcited by 22
  4. 2025AudioMarathon: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Long-Context Audio Understanding and Efficiency in Audio LLMscited by 19
  5. 2023The Age of Synthetic Realities: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 15
  6. 2022Partially Fake Audio Detection by Self-attention-based Fake Span Discoverycited by 14
  7. 2022An Initial Investigation for Detecting Vocoder Fingerprints of Fake Audiocited by 12
  8. 2022Fully Automated End-to-End Fake Audio Detectioncited by 10
  9. 2023An Efficient Temporary Deepfake Location Approach Based Embeddings for Partially Spoofed Audio Detectioncited by 10
  10. 2024How Do Neural Spoofing Countermeasures Detect Partially Spoofed Audio?cited by 10
  11. 2024Harder or Different? Understanding Generalization of Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 9
  12. 2024Coarse-to-Fine Proposal Refinement Framework for Audio Temporal Forgery Detection and Localizationcited by 9
32 more
  1. 2024Enhancing Partially Spoofed Audio Localization with Boundary-aware Attention Mechanismcited by 9
  2. 2023The defender's perspective on automatic speaker verification: An overviewcited by 8
  3. 2022Deepfake: Definitions, Performance Metrics and Standards, Datasets and Benchmarks, and a Meta-Reviewcited by 6
  4. 2025Weakly-supervised Audio Temporal Forgery Localization via Progressive Audio-language Co-learning Networkcited by 6
  5. 2022SceneFake: An Initial Dataset and Benchmarks for Scene Fake Audio Detectioncited by 5
  6. 2023Range-Based Equal Error Rate for Spoof Localizationcited by 5
  7. 2024Speech-Forensics: Towards Comprehensive Synthetic Speech Dataset Establishment and Analysiscited by 5
  8. 2024Region-Based Optimization in Continual Learning for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 5
  9. 2026TRACE: Training-Free Partial Audio Deepfake Detection via Embedding Trajectory Analysis of Speech Foundation Modelscited by 5
  10. 2023Catch You and I Can: Revealing Source Voiceprint Against Voice Conversioncited by 4
  11. 2024Analyzing the Impact of Splicing Artifacts in Partially Fake Speech Signalscited by 4
  12. 2024Spoof Diarization: "What Spoofed When" in Partially Spoofed Audiocited by 3
  13. 2025PhonemeFake: Redefining Deepfake Realism with Language-Driven Segmental Manipulation and Adaptive Bilevel Detectioncited by 3
  14. 2025SHIELD: A Secure and Highly Enhanced Integrated Learning for Robust Deepfake Detection against Adversarial Attackscited by 3
  15. 2022Deep Spectro-temporal Artifacts for Detecting Synthesized Speechcited by 2
  16. 2025Context-aware TFL: A Universal Context-aware Contrastive Learning Framework for Temporal Forgery Localizationcited by 2
  17. 2026Multi-Speaker Conversational Audio Deepfake: Taxonomy, Dataset and Pilot Studycited by 2
  18. 2022Audio Deepfake Attribution: An Initial Dataset and Investigationcited by 1
  19. 2025NE-PADD: Leveraging Named Entity Knowledge for Robust Partial Audio Deepfake Detection via Attention Aggregationcited by 1
  20. 2026Unifying Speech Editing Detection and Content Localization via Prior-Enhanced Audio LLMscited by 1
  21. 2026Alethia: A Foundational Encoder for Voice Deepfakescited by 1
  22. 2024A New Approach to Voice Authenticitycited by 0
  23. 2024An Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method for Locating Manipulated Region in partially fake Audiocited by 0
  24. 20253-Tracer: A Tri-level Temporal-Aware Framework for Audio Forgery Detection and Localizationcited by 0
  25. 2026Spectro-Temporal Modulation Representation Framework for Human-Imitated Speech Detectioncited by 0
  26. 2026Attribution-Guided Multimodal Deepfake Detection via Cross-Modal Forensic Fingerprintscited by 0
  27. 2026Toward Fine-Grained Speech Inpainting Forensics:A Dataset, Method, and Metric for Multi-Region Tampering Localizationcited by 0
  28. 2026Half-Truth Audio Detection and Localisation: A Lightweight Cross-Attentive Architecture and a Cross-Corpus Diagnostic Studycited by 0
  29. 2026Detecting Temporally Localized Manipulations in Authentic Video Streamscited by 0
  30. 2026Ethical and Technical Limits of Deepfake Speech Datasetscited by 0
  31. 2026A Training-Free Proactive Defense Against Partial Speech Manipulation via Self-Embedding Steganographycited by 0
  32. 2026Zero-Shot Temporal Localisation of Audio Deepfakes in Multi-Speaker Conversationscited by 0