Range-Based Equal Error Rate for Spoof Localization
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Spoof localization, also called segment-level detection, is a crucial task that aims to locate spoofs in partially spoofed audio. The equal error rate (EER) is widely used to measure performance for such biometric scenarios. Although EER is the only threshold-free metric, it is usually calculated in a point-based way that uses scores and references with a pre-defined temporal resolution and counts the number of misclassified segments. Such point-based measurement overly relies on this resolution and may not accurately measure misclassified ranges. To properly measure misclassified ranges and better evaluate spoof localization performance, we upgrade point-based EER to range-based EER. Then, we adapt the binary search algorithm for calculating range-based EER and compare it with the classical point-based EER. Our analyses suggest utilizing either range-based EER, or point-based EER with a proper temporal resolution can fairly and properly evaluate the performance of spoof localization.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 May 2023.
Builds on
15 of 26 references.
References · 15
- 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,853
- 2021Pay Attention to MLPscited by 367
- 2021ASVspoof 2021: accelerating progress in spoofed and deepfake speech detectioncited by 157
- 2022ASVspoof 2021: Towards Spoofed and Deepfake Speech Detection in the Wildcited by 118
- 2022ADD 2022: the First Audio Deep Synthesis Detection Challengecited by 94
- 2018Precision and Recall for Time Seriescited by 67
- 2021ASVspoof 2019: spoofing countermeasures for the detection of synthesized, converted and replayed speechcited by 56
- 2021A Comparative Study on Recent Neural Spoofing Countermeasures for Synthetic Speech Detectioncited by 56
- 2022The PartialSpoof Database and Countermeasures for the Detection of Short Fake Speech Segments Embedded in an Utterancecited by 47
- 2021Half-Truth: A Partially Fake Audio Detection Datasetcited by 44
- 2021An Initial Investigation for Detecting Partially Spoofed Audiocited by 27
- 2018t-DCF: a Detection Cost Function for the Tandem Assessment of Spoofing Countermeasures and Automatic Speaker Verificationcited by 19
3 more
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
5 papers.
- 2024Analyzing the Impact of Splicing Artifacts in Partially Fake Speech Signalscited by 4
- 2024Spoof Diarization: "What Spoofed When" in Partially Spoofed Audiocited by 3
- 2025Multi-level SSL Feature Gating for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 3
- 2025Bona fide Cross Testing Reveals Weak Spot in Audio Deepfake Detection Systemscited by 3
- 2026Zero-Shot Temporal Localisation of Audio Deepfakes in Multi-Speaker Conversationscited by 0
- 2026Zero-Shot Temporal Localisation of Audio Deepfakes in Multi-Speaker Conversations9 Sep 2026
- 2025Bona fide Cross Testing Reveals Weak Spot in Audio Deepfake Detection Systems11 Sep 2025
- 2025Multi-level SSL Feature Gating for Audio Deepfake Detection3 Sep 2025
- 2024Analyzing the Impact of Splicing Artifacts in Partially Fake Speech Signals25 Aug 2024
- 2024Spoof Diarization: "What Spoofed When" in Partially Spoofed Audio12 Jun 2024