mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Embedding Transfer with Label Relaxation for Improved Metric Learning

arXiv 2103.14908 ↗First posted 27 Mar 2021cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 21

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents a novel method for embedding transfer, a task of transferring knowledge of a learned embedding model to another. Our method exploits pairwise similarities between samples in the source embedding space as the knowledge, and transfers them through a loss used for learning target embedding models. To this end, we design a new loss called relaxed contrastive loss, which employs the pairwise similarities as relaxed labels for inter-sample relations. Our loss provides a rich supervisory signal beyond class equivalence, enables more important pairs to contribute more to training, and imposes no restriction on manifolds of target embedding spaces. Experiments on metric learning benchmarks demonstrate that our method largely improves performance, or reduces sizes and output dimensions of target models effectively. We further show that it can be also used to enhance quality of self-supervised representation and performance of classification models. In all the experiments, our method clearly outperforms existing embedding transfer techniques.

Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Mar 2021.

Builds on

44 of 60 references.

References · 44

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32 more
  1. 2016Colorful Image Colorizationcited by 1,113
  2. 2016Paying More Attention to Attention: Improving the Performance of Convolutional Neural Networks via Attention Transfercited by 1,059
  3. 2019Relational Knowledge Distillationcited by 873
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  6. 2018Born Again Neural Networkscited by 539
  7. 2017Large Batch Training of Convolutional Networkscited by 529
  8. 2015Deep Metric Learning via Lifted Structured Feature Embeddingcited by 449
  9. 2019Multi-Similarity Loss with General Pair Weighting for Deep Metric Learningcited by 368
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 12; 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

21 papers.

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  1. 2023Data-efficient Large Scale Place Recognition with Graded Similarity Supervisioncited by 43
  2. 2023Unicom: Universal and Compact Representation Learning for Image Retrievalcited by 36
  3. 2022Non-isotropy Regularization for Proxy-based Deep Metric Learningcited by 33
  4. 2023ReConPatch : Contrastive Patch Representation Learning for Industrial Anomaly Detectioncited by 30
  5. 2022HIER: Metric Learning Beyond Class Labels via Hierarchical Regularizationcited by 26
  6. 2022Cross-Domain Ensemble Distillation for Domain Generalizationcited by 21
  7. 2022Integrating Language Guidance into Vision-based Deep Metric Learningcited by 19
  8. 2022A Non-isotropic Probabilistic Take on Proxy-based Deep Metric Learningcited by 19
  9. 2022Utilizing Expert Features for Contrastive Learning of Time-Series Representationscited by 17
  10. 2022Self-Taught Metric Learning without Labelscited by 13
  11. 2022Fine-grained Retrieval Prompt Tuningcited by 11
  12. 2024Efficient and Versatile Robust Fine-Tuning of Zero-shot Modelscited by 7
9 more
  1. 2022A Comprehensive Empirical Study of Vision-Language Pre-trained Model for Supervised Cross-Modal Retrievalcited by 4
  2. 2022Guided Deep Metric Learningcited by 3
  3. 2023Triplet Loss-less Center Loss Sampling Strategies in Facial Expression Recognition Scenarioscited by 3
  4. 2025Language-driven Fine-grained Retrievalcited by 2
  5. 2022Coded Residual Transform for Generalizable Deep Metric Learningcited by 1
  6. 2022Self-distillation with Online Diffusion on Batch Manifolds Improves Deep Metric Learningcited by 0
  7. 2024OW-Rep: Open World Object Detection with Instance Representation Learningcited by 0
  8. 2025Adversarial Reconstruction Feedback for Robust Fine-grained Generalizationcited by 0
  9. 2026Learning to Align Generative Appearance Priors for Fine-grained Image Retrievalcited by 0