Embedding Transfer with Label Relaxation for Improved Metric Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper presents a novel method for embedding transfer, a task of transferring knowledge of a learned embedding model to another. Our method exploits pairwise similarities between samples in the source embedding space as the knowledge, and transfers them through a loss used for learning target embedding models. To this end, we design a new loss called relaxed contrastive loss, which employs the pairwise similarities as relaxed labels for inter-sample relations. Our loss provides a rich supervisory signal beyond class equivalence, enables more important pairs to contribute more to training, and imposes no restriction on manifolds of target embedding spaces. Experiments on metric learning benchmarks demonstrate that our method largely improves performance, or reduces sizes and output dimensions of target models effectively. We further show that it can be also used to enhance quality of self-supervised representation and performance of classification models. In all the experiments, our method clearly outperforms existing embedding transfer techniques.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Mar 2021.
Builds on
44 of 60 references.
References · 44
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- 2016Colorful Image Colorizationcited by 1,113
- 2016Paying More Attention to Attention: Improving the Performance of Convolutional Neural Networks via Attention Transfercited by 1,059
- 2019Relational Knowledge Distillationcited by 873
- 2019Contrastive Representation Distillationcited by 734
- 2019Learning Representations by Maximizing Mutual Information Across Viewscited by 733
- 2018Born Again Neural Networkscited by 539
- 2017Large Batch Training of Convolutional Networkscited by 529
- 2015Deep Metric Learning via Lifted Structured Feature Embeddingcited by 449
- 2019Multi-Similarity Loss with General Pair Weighting for Deep Metric Learningcited by 368
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- 2019Variational Information Distillation for Knowledge Transfercited by 321
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- 2017No Fuss Distance Metric Learning using Proxiescited by 225
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- 2020Proxy Anchor Loss for Deep Metric Learningcited by 195
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- 2018Attention-based Ensemble for Deep Metric Learningcited by 56
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- 2015Zero-Shot Learning via Joint Latent Similarity Embeddingcited by 39
- 2019Learning Metrics from Teachers: Compact Networks for Image Embeddingcited by 38
- 2019Deep Metric Learning Beyond Binary Supervisioncited by 36
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 12; 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
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- 2023ReConPatch : Contrastive Patch Representation Learning for Industrial Anomaly Detection26 May 2023
- 2023Unicom: Universal and Compact Representation Learning for Image Retrieval12 Apr 2023
- 2023Data-efficient Large Scale Place Recognition with Graded Similarity Supervision21 Mar 2023
- 2023Triplet Loss-less Center Loss Sampling Strategies in Facial Expression Recognition Scenarios8 Feb 2023
- 2022HIER: Metric Learning Beyond Class Labels via Hierarchical Regularization29 Dec 2022
- 2022Cross-Domain Ensemble Distillation for Domain Generalization25 Nov 2022
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9 more
- 2022Coded Residual Transform for Generalizable Deep Metric Learning9 Oct 2022
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- 2022A Non-isotropic Probabilistic Take on Proxy-based Deep Metric Learning8 Jul 2022
- 2022Utilizing Expert Features for Contrastive Learning of Time-Series Representations23 Jun 2022
- 2022Guided Deep Metric Learning4 Jun 2022
- 2022Self-Taught Metric Learning without Labels4 May 2022
- 2022Non-isotropy Regularization for Proxy-based Deep Metric Learning16 Mar 2022
- 2022Integrating Language Guidance into Vision-based Deep Metric Learning16 Mar 2022
- 2022A Comprehensive Empirical Study of Vision-Language Pre-trained Model for Supervised Cross-Modal Retrieval8 Jan 2022
- 2023Data-efficient Large Scale Place Recognition with Graded Similarity Supervisioncited by 43
- 2023Unicom: Universal and Compact Representation Learning for Image Retrievalcited by 36
- 2022Non-isotropy Regularization for Proxy-based Deep Metric Learningcited by 33
- 2023ReConPatch : Contrastive Patch Representation Learning for Industrial Anomaly Detectioncited by 30
- 2022HIER: Metric Learning Beyond Class Labels via Hierarchical Regularizationcited by 26
- 2022Cross-Domain Ensemble Distillation for Domain Generalizationcited by 21
- 2022Integrating Language Guidance into Vision-based Deep Metric Learningcited by 19
- 2022A Non-isotropic Probabilistic Take on Proxy-based Deep Metric Learningcited by 19
- 2022Utilizing Expert Features for Contrastive Learning of Time-Series Representationscited by 17
- 2022Self-Taught Metric Learning without Labelscited by 13
- 2022Fine-grained Retrieval Prompt Tuningcited by 11
- 2024Efficient and Versatile Robust Fine-Tuning of Zero-shot Modelscited by 7
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2026Learning to Align Generative Appearance Priors for Fine-grained Image Retrieval11 May 2026
- 2025Language-driven Fine-grained Retrieval6 Dec 2025
- 2025Adversarial Reconstruction Feedback for Robust Fine-grained Generalization29 Jul 2025
- 2024OW-Rep: Open World Object Detection with Instance Representation Learning24 Sep 2024
- 2024Efficient and Versatile Robust Fine-Tuning of Zero-shot Models11 Aug 2024
- 2023ReConPatch : Contrastive Patch Representation Learning for Industrial Anomaly Detection26 May 2023
- 2023Unicom: Universal and Compact Representation Learning for Image Retrieval12 Apr 2023
- 2023Data-efficient Large Scale Place Recognition with Graded Similarity Supervision21 Mar 2023
- 2023Triplet Loss-less Center Loss Sampling Strategies in Facial Expression Recognition Scenarios8 Feb 2023
- 2022HIER: Metric Learning Beyond Class Labels via Hierarchical Regularization29 Dec 2022
- 2022Cross-Domain Ensemble Distillation for Domain Generalization25 Nov 2022
- 2022Self-distillation with Online Diffusion on Batch Manifolds Improves Deep Metric Learning14 Nov 2022
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)