CIA-SSD: Confident IoU-Aware Single-Stage Object Detector From Point Cloud
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Abstract (arXiv)
Existing single-stage detectors for locating objects in point clouds often treat object localization and category classification as separate tasks, so the localization accuracy and classification confidence may not well align. To address this issue, we present a new single-stage detector named the Confident IoU-Aware Single-Stage object Detector (CIA-SSD). First, we design the lightweight Spatial-Semantic Feature Aggregation module to adaptively fuse high-level abstract semantic features and low-level spatial features for accurate predictions of bounding boxes and classification confidence. Also, the predicted confidence is further rectified with our designed IoU-aware confidence rectification module to make the confidence more consistent with the localization accuracy. Based on the rectified confidence, we further formulate the Distance-variant IoU-weighted NMS to obtain smoother regressions and avoid redundant predictions. We experiment CIA-SSD on 3D car detection in the KITTI test set and show that it attains top performance in terms of the official ranking metric (moderate AP 80.28%) and above 32 FPS inference speed, outperforming all prior single-stage detectors. The code is available at https://github.com/Vegeta2020/CIA-SSD.
Key facts. Cited by 107 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 5 Dec 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 18; 2022: 35; 2023: 28; 2024: 15; 2025: 7; 2026: 4.
107 papers.
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- 2023Hierarchical Supervision and Shuffle Data Augmentation for 3D Semi-Supervised Object Detection4 Apr 2023
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- 2022Focal Sparse Convolutional Networks for 3D Object Detectioncited by 142
- 20223D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 132
- 2022Not All Points Are Equal: Learning Highly Efficient Point-based Detectors for 3D LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 131
- 2023Spherical Transformer for LiDAR-based 3D Recognitioncited by 125
- 2021SE-SSD: Self-Ensembling Single-Stage Object Detector From Point Cloudcited by 119
- 2021Improving 3D Object Detection with Channel-wise Transformercited by 108
- 20213D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 106
- 2022Voxel Set Transformer: A Set-to-Set Approach to 3D Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 102
- 2022PillarNet: Real-Time and High-Performance Pillar-based 3D Object Detectioncited by 99
- 2022CenterFormer: Center-based Transformer for 3D Object Detectioncited by 99
- 2021SPG: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection via Semantic Point Generationcited by 94
- 2021AFDetV2: Rethinking the Necessity of the Second Stage for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 88
12 most cited of 105 All 105 (JSON)
- 2026TADP: Task-Aware Deformable Prediction for Single-Stage 3D Object Detection27 Aug 2026
- 2026Mirage: a Clean-Label Backdoor against LiDAR 3D Object Detection18 Jun 2026
- 2026Camera and LiDAR BEV Fusion for Cooperative 3D Object Detection on TUMTraf V2X11 Jun 2026
- 2026Person Detection and Tracking from an Overhead Crane LiDAR5 Mar 2026
- 2025DGFusion: Dual-guided Fusion for Robust Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection13 Nov 2025
- 2025Transferable Class Statistics and Multi-scale Feature Approximation for 3D Object Detection16 Aug 2025
- 2025A Multimodal Hybrid Late-Cascade Fusion Network for Enhanced 3D Object Detection25 Apr 2025
- 2025SparseAlign: A Fully Sparse Framework for Cooperative Object Detection17 Mar 2025
- 2025SFMNet: Sparse Focal Modulation for 3D Object Detection15 Mar 2025
- 2025PDM-SSD: Single-Stage Three-Dimensional Object Detector With Point Dilation10 Feb 2025
- 2024Multi-scale Feature Fusion with Point Pyramid for 3D Object Detection6 Sep 2024
- 2024Decoupled and Interactive Regression Modeling for High-performance One-stage 3D Object Detection1 Sep 2024
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