RELLIS-3D Dataset: Data, Benchmarks and Analysis
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Abstract (arXiv)
Semantic scene understanding is crucial for robust and safe autonomous navigation, particularly so in off-road environments. Recent deep learning advances for 3D semantic segmentation rely heavily on large sets of training data, however existing autonomy datasets either represent urban environments or lack multimodal off-road data. We fill this gap with RELLIS-3D, a multimodal dataset collected in an off-road environment, which contains annotations for 13,556 LiDAR scans and 6,235 images. The data was collected on the Rellis Campus of Texas A&M University and presents challenges to existing algorithms related to class imbalance and environmental topography. Additionally, we evaluate the current state-of-the-art deep learning semantic segmentation models on this dataset. Experimental results show that RELLIS-3D presents challenges for algorithms designed for segmentation in urban environments. This novel dataset provides the resources needed by researchers to continue to develop more advanced algorithms and investigate new research directions to enhance autonomous navigation in off-road environments. RELLIS-3D is available at https://github.com/unmannedlab/RELLIS-3D
Key facts. Cited by 118 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Nov 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 12; 2023: 19; 2024: 28; 2025: 32; 2026: 18.
118 papers.
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50 most cited of 118 All 118 (JSON)
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- 2025Enhanced Spatiotemporal Consistency for Image-to-LiDAR Data Pretraining25 Mar 2025
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- 2025LiMoE: Mixture of LiDAR Representation Learners from Automotive Scenes7 Jan 2025
50 newest of 118 All 118 (JSON)
- 2023Segment Any Point Cloud Sequences by Distilling Vision Foundation Modelscited by 123
- 2022Multi-modal Sensor Fusion for Auto Driving Perception: A Surveycited by 73
- 2024Multi-Modal Data-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding for Autonomous Drivingcited by 53
- 2021GANav: Efficient Terrain Segmentation for Robot Navigation in Unstructured Outdoor Environmentscited by 51
- 2023The GOOSE Dataset for Perception in Unstructured Environmentscited by 36
- 2025TartanGround: A Large-Scale Dataset for Ground Robot Perception and Navigationcited by 35
- 2022ORFD: A Dataset and Benchmark for Off-Road Freespace Detectioncited by 33
- 20244D Contrastive Superflows are Dense 3D Representation Learnerscited by 32
- 2023Towards Robust Robot 3D Perception in Urban Environments: The UT Campus Object Datasetcited by 28
- 2024The Oxford Spires Dataset: Benchmarking Large-Scale LiDAR-Visual Localisation, Reconstruction and Radiance Field Methodscited by 27
- 2025UAVScenes: A Multi-Modal Dataset for UAVscited by 26
- 2024Is Your LiDAR Placement Optimized for 3D Scene Understanding?cited by 25
12 most cited of 111 All 111 (JSON)
- 2026ProGuT: Label-Efficient Panoptic Segmentation for Forest Scenes29 Sep 2026
- 2026FLINT: Fast Lightweight Inference for Traversability22 Sep 2026
- 2026Which Terrain Is Better? Preference Learning with VLM Prototypes for Off-Road Traversability Ranking20 Sep 2026
- 2026PhysVGGT: Feed-Forward Dense Physical Property Estimation from A Single Image16 Sep 2026
- 2026PRISM: Multimodal Terrain Mapping for Rover Navigation in Unstructured Environments17 Jul 2026
- 2026How to Relieve Distribution Shifts in Semantic Segmentation for Off-Road Environments28 May 2026
- 2026Trinity: Unifying Class-Agnostic Terrain and Semantic Segmentation for Unstructured Outdoor Environments by Leveraging Synthetic Data26 May 2026
- 2026FRED: A Multi-Modal Autonomous Driving Dataset for Flooded Road Environments21 May 2026
- 2026Ground4D: Spatially-Grounded Feedforward 4D Reconstruction for Unstructured Off-Road Scenes6 May 2026
- 2026Towards All-Day Perception for Off-Road Driving: A Large-Scale Multispectral Dataset and Comprehensive Benchmark30 Apr 2026
- 2026Granularity-Aware Transfer for Tree Instance Segmentation in Synthetic and Real Forests15 Apr 2026
- 2026A Cross-Scale Decoder with Token Refinement for Off-Road Semantic Segmentation30 Mar 2026
12 newest of 111 All 111 (JSON)