mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

A Benchmark for Lease Contract Review

arXiv 2010.10386 ↗First posted 20 Oct 2020cs.IR cs.CLcited by 26

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Abstract (arXiv)

Extracting entities and other useful information from legal contracts is an important task whose automation can help legal professionals perform contract reviews more efficiently and reduce relevant risks. In this paper, we tackle the problem of detecting two different types of elements that play an important role in a contract review, namely entities and red flags. The latter are terms or sentences that indicate that there is some danger or other potentially problematic situation for one or more of the signing parties. We focus on supporting the review of lease agreements, a contract type that has received little attention in the legal information extraction literature, and we define the types of entities and red flags needed for that task. We release a new benchmark dataset of 179 lease agreement documents that we have manually annotated with the entities and red flags they contain, and which can be used to train and test relevant extraction algorithms. Finally, we release a new language model, called ALeaseBERT, pre-trained on this dataset and fine-tuned for the detection of the aforementioned elements, providing a baseline for further research

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Oct 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 5; 2023: 4; 2024: 5; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.

26 papers.

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  1. 2021CUAD: An Expert-Annotated NLP Dataset for Legal Contract Reviewcited by 236
  2. 2021ContractNLI: A Dataset for Document-level Natural Language Inference for Contractscited by 148
  3. 2021AMMUS : A Survey of Transformer-based Pretrained Models in Natural Language Processingcited by 131
  4. 2022Pile of Law: Learning Responsible Data Filtering from the Law and a 256GB Open-Source Legal Datasetcited by 113
  5. 2022Fengshenbang 1.0: Being the Foundation of Chinese Cognitive Intelligencecited by 70
  6. 2023MAUD: An Expert-Annotated Legal NLP Dataset for Merger Agreement Understandingcited by 33
  7. 2023Unlocking Practical Applications in Legal Domain: Evaluation of GPT for Zero-Shot Semantic Annotation of Legal Textscited by 33
  8. 2025ACORD: An Expert-Annotated Retrieval Dataset for Legal Contract Draftingcited by 11
  9. 2023The Law and NLP: Bridging Disciplinary Disconnectscited by 8
  10. 2024KidLM: Advancing Language Models for Children -- Early Insights and Future Directionscited by 8
  11. 2022Agent-Specific Deontic Modality Detection in Legal Languagecited by 7
  12. 2025AIReg-Bench: Benchmarking Language Models That Assess AI Regulation Compliancecited by 6
14 more
  1. 2022ConReader: Exploring Implicit Relations in Contracts for Contract Clause Extractioncited by 5
  2. 2024Automating IRAC Analysis in Malaysian Contract Law using a Semi-Structured Knowledge Basecited by 5
  3. 2024RealKIE: Five Novel Datasets for Enterprise Key Information Extractioncited by 4
  4. 2026Real-Time Trustworthiness Scoring for LLM Structured Outputs and Data Extractioncited by 3
  5. 2024Extracting Norms from Contracts Via ChatGPT: Opportunities and Challengescited by 2
  6. 2024Green AI in Action: Strategic Model Selection for Ensembles in Productioncited by 2
  7. 2026ContractScrub: A benchmark for final review of legal contractscited by 1
  8. 2022To Tune or Not To Tune? Zero-shot Models for Legal Case Entailmentcited by 0
  9. 2023Investigating Strategies for Clause Recommendationcited by 0
  10. 2025LLMs for Legal Subsumption in German Employment Contractscited by 0
  11. 2025LLMs for LLMs: A Structured Prompting Methodology for Long Legal Documentscited by 0
  12. 2025Streamlining Industrial Contract Management with Retrieval-Augmented LLMscited by 0
  13. 2026A Two-Stage Architecture for NDA Analysis: LLM-based Segmentation and Transformer-based Clause Classificationcited by 0
  14. 2026Accurate Legal Reasoning at Scale: Neuro-Symbolic Offloading and Structural Auditability for Robust Legal Adjudicationcited by 0