Unified Representation Learning for Cross Model Compatibility
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a unified representation learning framework to address the Cross Model Compatibility (CMC) problem in the context of visual search applications. Cross compatibility between different embedding models enables the visual search systems to correctly recognize and retrieve identities without re-encoding user images, which are usually not available due to privacy concerns. While there are existing approaches to address CMC in face identification, they fail to work in a more challenging setting where the distributions of embedding models shift drastically. The proposed solution improves CMC performance by introducing a light-weight Residual Bottleneck Transformation (RBT) module and a new training scheme to optimize the embedding spaces. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed solution outperforms previous approaches by a large margin for various challenging visual search scenarios of face recognition and person re-identification.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 11 Aug 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 9; 2023: 6; 2024: 2; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
30 papers.
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- 2021Learning Compatible Embeddingscited by 37
- 2021Compatibility-aware Heterogeneous Visual Searchcited by 23
- 2022Towards Universal Backward-Compatible Representation Learningcited by 21
- 2021Forward Compatible Training for Large-Scale Embedding Retrieval Systemscited by 19
- 2022Continual Learning for Visual Search with Backward Consistent Feature Embeddingcited by 17
- 2021FedFR: Joint Optimization Federated Framework for Generic and Personalized Face Recognitioncited by 16
- 2021CoReS: Compatible Representations via Stationaritycited by 14
- 2021Dual-Tuning: Joint Prototype Transfer and Structure Regularization for Compatible Feature Learningcited by 9
- 2022Privacy-Preserving Model Upgrades with Bidirectional Compatible Training in Image Retrievalcited by 9
- 2022BT2: Backward-compatible Training with Basis Transformationcited by 8
- 2025boldsymbolλ-Orthogonality Regularization for Compatible Representation Learningcited by 8
- 2022Hot-Refresh Model Upgrades with Regression-Alleviating Compatible Training in Image Retrievalcited by 7
18 more
- 2023FastFill: Efficient Compatible Model Updatecited by 7
- 2022CL2R: Compatible Lifelong Learning Representationscited by 6
- 2023Improving Prediction Backward-Compatiblility in NLP Model Upgrade with Gated Fusioncited by 6
- 2023Binary Embedding-based Retrieval at Tencentcited by 6
- 2021Fixes That Fail: Self-Defeating Improvements in Machine-Learning Systemscited by 5
- 2022Darwinian Model Upgrades: Model Evolving with Selective Compatibilitycited by 5
- 2024Towards Cross-modal Backward-compatible Representation Learning for Vision-Language Modelscited by 5
- 2022Large-to-small Image Resolution Asymmetry in Deep Metric Learningcited by 4
- 2025Learning Along the Arrow of Time: Hyperbolic Geometry for Backward-Compatible Representation Learningcited by 4
- 2022Dynamic Gradient Reactivation for Backward Compatible Person Re-identificationcited by 3
- 2024Backward-Compatible Aligned Representations via an Orthogonal Transformation Layercited by 3
- 2023Asymmetric Image Retrieval with Cross Model Compatible Ensemblescited by 2
- 2023MixBCT: Towards Self-Adapting Backward-Compatible Trainingcited by 2
- 2025Towards Test-time Efficient Visual Place Recognition via Asymmetric Query Processingcited by 2
- 2026A Stationary (and Therefore Compatible) Representation is All You Needcited by 1
- 2023Learning Unified Representations for Multi-Resolution Face Recognitioncited by 0
- 2025Bi-C2R: Bidirectional Continual Compatible Representation for Re-indexing Free Lifelong Person Re-identificationcited by 0
- 2026Multi-modal Knowledge Preserving Adapter for Embedding Backward Compatibilitycited by 0
- 2026Multi-modal Knowledge Preserving Adapter for Embedding Backward Compatibility15 Sep 2026
- 2026A Stationary (and Therefore Compatible) Representation is All You Need10 Jun 2026
- 2025Bi-C2R: Bidirectional Continual Compatible Representation for Re-indexing Free Lifelong Person Re-identification31 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Test-time Efficient Visual Place Recognition via Asymmetric Query Processing15 Dec 2025
- 2025boldsymbolλ-Orthogonality Regularization for Compatible Representation Learning20 Sep 2025
- 2025Learning Along the Arrow of Time: Hyperbolic Geometry for Backward-Compatible Representation Learning6 Jun 2025
- 2024Backward-Compatible Aligned Representations via an Orthogonal Transformation Layer16 Aug 2024
- 2024Towards Cross-modal Backward-compatible Representation Learning for Vision-Language Models23 May 2024
- 2023Learning Unified Representations for Multi-Resolution Face Recognition14 Oct 2023
- 2023MixBCT: Towards Self-Adapting Backward-Compatible Training14 Aug 2023
- 2023Asymmetric Image Retrieval with Cross Model Compatible Ensembles30 Mar 2023
- 2023FastFill: Efficient Compatible Model Update8 Mar 2023
18 more
- 2023Binary Embedding-based Retrieval at Tencent17 Feb 2023
- 2023Improving Prediction Backward-Compatiblility in NLP Model Upgrade with Gated Fusion4 Feb 2023
- 2022CL2R: Compatible Lifelong Learning Representations16 Nov 2022
- 2022BT2: Backward-compatible Training with Basis Transformation8 Nov 2022
- 2022Darwinian Model Upgrades: Model Evolving with Selective Compatibility13 Oct 2022
- 2022Large-to-small Image Resolution Asymmetry in Deep Metric Learning11 Oct 2022
- 2022Dynamic Gradient Reactivation for Backward Compatible Person Re-identification12 Jul 2022
- 2022Continual Learning for Visual Search with Backward Consistent Feature Embedding26 May 2022
- 2022Privacy-Preserving Model Upgrades with Bidirectional Compatible Training in Image Retrieval29 Apr 2022
- 2022Towards Universal Backward-Compatible Representation Learning3 Mar 2022
- 2022Hot-Refresh Model Upgrades with Regression-Alleviating Compatible Training in Image Retrieval24 Jan 2022
- 2021FedFR: Joint Optimization Federated Framework for Generic and Personalized Face Recognition23 Dec 2021
- 2021Forward Compatible Training for Large-Scale Embedding Retrieval Systems6 Dec 2021
- 2021CoReS: Compatible Representations via Stationarity15 Nov 2021
- 2021Dual-Tuning: Joint Prototype Transfer and Structure Regularization for Compatible Feature Learning6 Aug 2021
- 2021Learning Compatible Embeddings4 Aug 2021
- 2021Compatibility-aware Heterogeneous Visual Search13 May 2021
- 2021Fixes That Fail: Self-Defeating Improvements in Machine-Learning Systems22 Mar 2021
- 2021Learning Compatible Embeddingscited by 37
- 2021Compatibility-aware Heterogeneous Visual Searchcited by 23
- 2022Towards Universal Backward-Compatible Representation Learningcited by 21
- 2021Forward Compatible Training for Large-Scale Embedding Retrieval Systemscited by 19
- 2022Continual Learning for Visual Search with Backward Consistent Feature Embeddingcited by 17
- 2021FedFR: Joint Optimization Federated Framework for Generic and Personalized Face Recognitioncited by 16
- 2021CoReS: Compatible Representations via Stationaritycited by 14
- 2021Dual-Tuning: Joint Prototype Transfer and Structure Regularization for Compatible Feature Learningcited by 9
- 2022Privacy-Preserving Model Upgrades with Bidirectional Compatible Training in Image Retrievalcited by 9
- 2022BT2: Backward-compatible Training with Basis Transformationcited by 8
- 2025boldsymbolλ-Orthogonality Regularization for Compatible Representation Learningcited by 8
- 2022Hot-Refresh Model Upgrades with Regression-Alleviating Compatible Training in Image Retrievalcited by 7
12 most cited of 28 All 28 (JSON)
- 2026Multi-modal Knowledge Preserving Adapter for Embedding Backward Compatibility15 Sep 2026
- 2026A Stationary (and Therefore Compatible) Representation is All You Need10 Jun 2026
- 2025Bi-C2R: Bidirectional Continual Compatible Representation for Re-indexing Free Lifelong Person Re-identification31 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Test-time Efficient Visual Place Recognition via Asymmetric Query Processing15 Dec 2025
- 2025boldsymbolλ-Orthogonality Regularization for Compatible Representation Learning20 Sep 2025
- 2025Learning Along the Arrow of Time: Hyperbolic Geometry for Backward-Compatible Representation Learning6 Jun 2025
- 2024Backward-Compatible Aligned Representations via an Orthogonal Transformation Layer16 Aug 2024
- 2023Learning Unified Representations for Multi-Resolution Face Recognition14 Oct 2023
- 2023MixBCT: Towards Self-Adapting Backward-Compatible Training14 Aug 2023
- 2023FastFill: Efficient Compatible Model Update8 Mar 2023
- 2023Binary Embedding-based Retrieval at Tencent17 Feb 2023
- 2023Improving Prediction Backward-Compatiblility in NLP Model Upgrade with Gated Fusion4 Feb 2023
12 newest of 28 All 28 (JSON)