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SemEval-2020 Task 9: Overview of Sentiment Analysis of Code-Mixed Tweets

arXiv 2008.04277 ↗First posted 10 Aug 2020cs.CLcited by 62

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we present the results of the SemEval-2020 Task 9 on Sentiment Analysis of Code-Mixed Tweets (SentiMix 2020). We also release and describe our Hinglish (Hindi-English) and Spanglish (Spanish-English) corpora annotated with word-level language identification and sentence-level sentiment labels. These corpora are comprised of 20K and 19K examples, respectively. The sentiment labels are - Positive, Negative, and Neutral. SentiMix attracted 89 submissions in total including 61 teams that participated in the Hinglish contest and 28 submitted systems to the Spanglish competition. The best performance achieved was 75.0% F1 score for Hinglish and 80.6% F1 for Spanglish. We observe that BERT-like models and ensemble methods are the most common and successful approaches among the participants.

Key facts. Cited by 62 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Aug 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 23; 2022: 9; 2023: 9; 2024: 9; 2025: 9; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2021XLM-T: Multilingual Language Models in Twitter for Sentiment Analysis and Beyondcited by 114
  2. 2022TwHIN-BERT: A Socially-Enriched Pre-trained Language Model for Multilingual Tweet Representations at Twittercited by 44
  3. 2023SemEval-2023 Task 12: Sentiment Analysis for African Languages (AfriSenti-SemEval)cited by 41
  4. 2022The Decades Progress on Code-Switching Research in NLP: A Systematic Survey on Trends and Challengescited by 35
  5. 2021HinGE: A Dataset for Generation and Evaluation of Code-Mixed Hinglish Textcited by 28
  6. 2022PQLM -- Multilingual Decentralized Portable Quantum Language Model for Privacy Protectioncited by 26
  7. 2021Code-Mixing on Sesame Street: Dawn of the Adversarial Polyglotscited by 23
  8. 2021RoBERTuito: a pre-trained language model for social media text in Spanishcited by 22
  9. 2021Can You Traducir This? Machine Translation for Code-Switched Inputcited by 21
  10. 2021DravidianCodeMix: Sentiment Analysis and Offensive Language Identification Dataset for Dravidian Languages in Code-Mixed Textcited by 18
  11. 2021Challenges and Limitations with the Metrics Measuring the Complexity of Code-Mixed Textcited by 18
  12. 2021HeBERT & HebEMO: a Hebrew BERT Model and a Tool for Polarity Analysis and Emotion Recognitioncited by 14
38 more
  1. 2023Memotion 3: Dataset on Sentiment and Emotion Analysis of Codemixed Hindi-English Memescited by 12
  2. 2021SJ_AJ@DravidianLangTech-EACL2021: Task-Adaptive Pre-Training of Multilingual BERT models for Offensive Language Identificationcited by 11
  3. 2024MINERS: Multilingual Language Models as Semantic Retrieverscited by 11
  4. 2023Massively Multilingual Corpus of Sentiment Datasets and Multi-faceted Sentiment Classification Benchmarkcited by 10
  5. 2025Lost in the Mix: Evaluating LLM Understanding of Code-Switched Textcited by 9
  6. 2021CodemixedNLP: An Extensible and Open NLP Toolkit for Code-Mixingcited by 8
  7. 2025CodeMixBench: Evaluating Code-Mixing Capabilities of LLMs Across 18 Languagescited by 8
  8. 2021Unsupervised Self-Training for Sentiment Analysis of Code-Switched Datacited by 7
  9. 2021MIPE: A Metric Independent Pipeline for Effective Code-Mixed NLG Evaluationcited by 7
  10. 2021Quality Evaluation of the Low-Resource Synthetically Generated Code-Mixed Hinglish Textcited by 7
  11. 2024Code-Mixed Probes Show How Pre-Trained Models Generalise On Code-Switched Textcited by 7
  12. 2021Sentiment Analysis of Persian-English Code-mixed Textscited by 6
  13. 2021Offense Detection in Dravidian Languages using Code-Mixing Index based Focal Losscited by 6
  14. 2021Task-Specific Pre-Training and Cross Lingual Transfer for Code-Switched Datacited by 5
  15. 2024Synthetic Data Generation and Joint Learning for Robust Code-Mixed Translationcited by 5
  16. 2024CHAI for LLMs: Improving Code-Mixed Translation in Large Language Models through Reinforcement Learning with AI Feedbackcited by 5
  17. 2021Challenges and Considerations with Code-Mixed NLP for Multilingual Societiescited by 4
  18. 2021The Effectiveness of Intermediate-Task Training for Code-Switched Natural Language Understandingcited by 4
  19. 2025Beyond Monolingual Assumptions: A Survey of Code-Switched NLP in the Era of Large Language Models across Modalitiescited by 4
  20. 2021CMSAOne@Dravidian-CodeMix-FIRE2020: A Meta Embedding and Transformer model for Code-Mixed Sentiment Analysis on Social Media Textcited by 3
  21. 2021AdvCodeMix: Adversarial Attack on Code-Mixed Datacited by 3
  22. 2021PESTO: Switching Point based Dynamic and Relative Positional Encoding for Code-Mixed Languagescited by 3
  23. 2022Negativity Spreads Faster: A Large-Scale Multilingual Twitter Analysis on the Role of Sentiment in Political Communicationcited by 3
  24. 2022Assessment of Massively Multilingual Sentiment Classifierscited by 3
  25. 2022Language Agnostic Code-Mixing Data Augmentation by Predicting Linguistic Patternscited by 3
  26. 2024Leveraging Large Language Models for Code-Mixed Data Augmentation in Sentiment Analysiscited by 3
  27. 2025Low-resource Machine Translation for Code-switched Kazakh-Russian Language Paircited by 3
  28. 2025DIVERS-Bench: Evaluating Language Identification Across Domain Shifts and Code-Switchingcited by 3
  29. 2021One Source, Two Targets: Challenges and Rewards of Dual Decodingcited by 2
  30. 2022A Comprehensive Understanding of Code-mixed Language Semantics using Hierarchical Transformercited by 2
  31. 2023Bangla Grammatical Error Detection Using T5 Transformer Modelcited by 2
  32. 2023CONFLATOR: Incorporating Switching Point based Rotatory Positional Encodings for Code-Mixed Language Modelingcited by 2
  33. 2023Overview of Memotion 3: Sentiment and Emotion Analysis of Codemixed Hinglish Memescited by 2
  34. 2025Conditioning LLMs to Generate Code-Switched Textcited by 2
  35. 2023Shared Lexical Items as Triggers of Code Switchingcited by 1
  36. 2023The Effect of Alignment Objectives on Code-Switching Translationcited by 1
  37. 2023Elevating Code-mixed Text Handling through Auditory Information of Wordscited by 1
  38. 2024Sociolinguistically Informed Interpretability: A Case Study on Hinglish Emotion Classificationcited by 1

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