D2D: Keypoint Extraction with Describe to Detect Approach
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we present a novel approach that exploits the information within the descriptor space to propose keypoint locations. Detect then describe, or detect and describe jointly are two typical strategies for extracting local descriptors. In contrast, we propose an approach that inverts this process by first describing and then detecting the keypoint locations. % Describe-to-Detect (D2D) leverages successful descriptor models without the need for any additional training. Our method selects keypoints as salient locations with high information content which is defined by the descriptors rather than some independent operators. We perform experiments on multiple benchmarks including image matching, camera localisation, and 3D reconstruction. The results indicate that our method improves the matching performance of various descriptors and that it generalises across methods and tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 May 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 7; 2023: 7; 2024: 4; 2025: 5; 2026: 2.
34 papers.
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- 2023ALIKED: A Lighter Keypoint and Descriptor Extraction Network via Deformable Transformationcited by 121
- 2024Efficient LoFTR: Semi-Dense Local Feature Matching with Sparse-Like Speedcited by 120
- 2021ALIKE: Accurate and Lightweight Keypoint Detection and Descriptor Extractioncited by 77
- 2021SOLD2: Self-supervised Occlusion-aware Line Description and Detectioncited by 47
- 2025MatchAnything: Universal Cross-Modality Image Matching with Large-Scale Pre-Trainingcited by 41
- 2022BALF: Simple and Efficient Blur Aware Local Feature Detectorcited by 34
- 2023SFD2: Semantic-guided Feature Detection and Descriptioncited by 28
- 2024Local Feature Matching Using Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 26
- 2021RoRD: Rotation-Robust Descriptors and Orthographic Views for Local Feature Matchingcited by 19
- 2022ECO-TR: Efficient Correspondences Finding Via Coarse-to-Fine Refinementcited by 18
- 2023Improving Transformer-based Image Matching by Cascaded Capturing Spatially Informative Keypointscited by 15
- 2023Deep Learning for Visual Localization and Mapping: A Surveycited by 14
22 more
- 2024Learning to Make Keypoints Sub-Pixel Accuratecited by 13
- 2021ScaleNet: A Shallow Architecture for Scale Estimationcited by 12
- 2021SIFT Matching by Context Exposedcited by 9
- 2022A Critical Analysis of Image-based Camera Pose Estimation Techniquescited by 7
- 2025Deep Learning Reforms Image Matching: A Survey and Outlookcited by 7
- 2022SuperPoint features in endoscopycited by 6
- 2021SDGMNet: Statistic-based Dynamic Gradient Modulation for Local Descriptor Learningcited by 5
- 2021Optimal detection of the feature matching map in presence of noise and outlierscited by 5
- 2021Anomaly Detection of Defect using Energy of Point Pattern Features within Random Finite Set Frameworkcited by 5
- 2021HarrisZ^+: Harris Corner Selection for Next-Gen Image Matching Pipelinescited by 5
- 2024Image Matching Filtering and Refinement by Planes and Beyondcited by 5
- 2025A Scene is Worth a Thousand Features: Feed-Forward Camera Localization from a Collection of Image Featurescited by 5
- 2025Keypoint Detection and Description for Raw Bayer Imagescited by 4
- 2026Second-order Gaussian directional derivative representations for image high-resolution corner detectioncited by 3
- 2022Matching Map Recovery with an Unknown Number of Outlierscited by 1
- 2023Local Feature Extraction from Salient Regions by Feature Map Transformationcited by 1
- 2022Matching with AffNet based rectificationscited by 0
- 2022DDM-NET: End-to-end learning of keypoint feature Detection, Description and Matching for 3D localizationcited by 0
- 2023Second-order Anisotropic Gaussian Directional Derivative Filters for Blob Detectioncited by 0
- 2023CNN-based local features for navigation near an asteroidcited by 0
- 2025DINO-RotateMatch: A Rotation-Aware Deep Framework for Robust Image Matching in Large-Scale 3D Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026Improving Local Feature Matching by Entropy-inspired Scale Adaptability and Flow-endowed Local Consistencycited by 0
- 2026Improving Local Feature Matching by Entropy-inspired Scale Adaptability and Flow-endowed Local Consistency8 Apr 2026
- 2026Second-order Gaussian directional derivative representations for image high-resolution corner detection13 Jan 2026
- 2025DINO-RotateMatch: A Rotation-Aware Deep Framework for Robust Image Matching in Large-Scale 3D Reconstruction3 Dec 2025
- 2025A Scene is Worth a Thousand Features: Feed-Forward Camera Localization from a Collection of Image Features1 Oct 2025
- 2025Deep Learning Reforms Image Matching: A Survey and Outlook5 Jun 2025
- 2025Keypoint Detection and Description for Raw Bayer Images11 Mar 2025
- 2025MatchAnything: Universal Cross-Modality Image Matching with Large-Scale Pre-Training13 Jan 2025
- 2024Image Matching Filtering and Refinement by Planes and Beyond14 Nov 2024
- 2024Learning to Make Keypoints Sub-Pixel Accurate16 Jul 2024
- 2024Efficient LoFTR: Semi-Dense Local Feature Matching with Sparse-Like Speed7 Mar 2024
- 2024Local Feature Matching Using Deep Learning: A Survey31 Jan 2024
- 2023CNN-based local features for navigation near an asteroid20 Sep 2023
22 more
- 2023Deep Learning for Visual Localization and Mapping: A Survey27 Aug 2023
- 2023Second-order Anisotropic Gaussian Directional Derivative Filters for Blob Detection30 Apr 2023
- 2023SFD2: Semantic-guided Feature Detection and Description28 Apr 2023
- 2023ALIKED: A Lighter Keypoint and Descriptor Extraction Network via Deformable Transformation7 Apr 2023
- 2023Improving Transformer-based Image Matching by Cascaded Capturing Spatially Informative Keypoints6 Mar 2023
- 2023Local Feature Extraction from Salient Regions by Feature Map Transformation25 Jan 2023
- 2022DDM-NET: End-to-end learning of keypoint feature Detection, Description and Matching for 3D localization8 Dec 2022
- 2022BALF: Simple and Efficient Blur Aware Local Feature Detector27 Nov 2022
- 2022Matching Map Recovery with an Unknown Number of Outliers24 Oct 2022
- 2022ECO-TR: Efficient Correspondences Finding Via Coarse-to-Fine Refinement25 Sep 2022
- 2022Matching with AffNet based rectifications29 Jul 2022
- 2022SuperPoint features in endoscopy8 Mar 2022
- 2022A Critical Analysis of Image-based Camera Pose Estimation Techniques15 Jan 2022
- 2021ScaleNet: A Shallow Architecture for Scale Estimation9 Dec 2021
- 2021ALIKE: Accurate and Lightweight Keypoint Detection and Descriptor Extraction6 Dec 2021
- 2021HarrisZ^+: Harris Corner Selection for Next-Gen Image Matching Pipelines27 Sep 2021
- 2021Anomaly Detection of Defect using Energy of Point Pattern Features within Random Finite Set Framework27 Aug 2021
- 2021SIFT Matching by Context Exposed17 Jun 2021
- 2021Optimal detection of the feature matching map in presence of noise and outliers13 Jun 2021
- 2021SDGMNet: Statistic-based Dynamic Gradient Modulation for Local Descriptor Learning8 Jun 2021
- 2021SOLD2: Self-supervised Occlusion-aware Line Description and Detection7 Apr 2021
- 2021RoRD: Rotation-Robust Descriptors and Orthographic Views for Local Feature Matching15 Mar 2021
- 2023ALIKED: A Lighter Keypoint and Descriptor Extraction Network via Deformable Transformationcited by 121
- 2024Efficient LoFTR: Semi-Dense Local Feature Matching with Sparse-Like Speedcited by 120
- 2021ALIKE: Accurate and Lightweight Keypoint Detection and Descriptor Extractioncited by 77
- 2021SOLD2: Self-supervised Occlusion-aware Line Description and Detectioncited by 47
- 2025MatchAnything: Universal Cross-Modality Image Matching with Large-Scale Pre-Trainingcited by 41
- 2022BALF: Simple and Efficient Blur Aware Local Feature Detectorcited by 34
- 2023SFD2: Semantic-guided Feature Detection and Descriptioncited by 28
- 2024Local Feature Matching Using Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 26
- 2021RoRD: Rotation-Robust Descriptors and Orthographic Views for Local Feature Matchingcited by 19
- 2022ECO-TR: Efficient Correspondences Finding Via Coarse-to-Fine Refinementcited by 18
- 2023Improving Transformer-based Image Matching by Cascaded Capturing Spatially Informative Keypointscited by 15
- 2023Deep Learning for Visual Localization and Mapping: A Surveycited by 14
12 most cited of 34 All 34 (JSON)
- 2026Improving Local Feature Matching by Entropy-inspired Scale Adaptability and Flow-endowed Local Consistency8 Apr 2026
- 2026Second-order Gaussian directional derivative representations for image high-resolution corner detection13 Jan 2026
- 2025DINO-RotateMatch: A Rotation-Aware Deep Framework for Robust Image Matching in Large-Scale 3D Reconstruction3 Dec 2025
- 2025A Scene is Worth a Thousand Features: Feed-Forward Camera Localization from a Collection of Image Features1 Oct 2025
- 2025Deep Learning Reforms Image Matching: A Survey and Outlook5 Jun 2025
- 2025Keypoint Detection and Description for Raw Bayer Images11 Mar 2025
- 2025MatchAnything: Universal Cross-Modality Image Matching with Large-Scale Pre-Training13 Jan 2025
- 2024Image Matching Filtering and Refinement by Planes and Beyond14 Nov 2024
- 2024Learning to Make Keypoints Sub-Pixel Accurate16 Jul 2024
- 2024Efficient LoFTR: Semi-Dense Local Feature Matching with Sparse-Like Speed7 Mar 2024
- 2024Local Feature Matching Using Deep Learning: A Survey31 Jan 2024
- 2023CNN-based local features for navigation near an asteroid20 Sep 2023
12 newest of 34 All 34 (JSON)