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From Statistical Relational to Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence

arXiv 2003.08316 ↗First posted 18 Mar 2020cs.AIcited by 63

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Abstract (arXiv)

Neuro-symbolic and statistical relational artificial intelligence both integrate frameworks for learning with logical reasoning. This survey identifies several parallels across seven different dimensions between these two fields. These cannot only be used to characterize and position neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence approaches but also to identify a number of directions for further research.

Key facts. Cited by 63 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Mar 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 15; 2023: 8; 2024: 9; 2025: 13; 2026: 6.

63 papers.

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  1. 2021DeepStochLog: Neural Stochastic Logic Programmingcited by 58
  2. 2021Incorporating Domain Knowledge into Deep Neural Networkscited by 56
  3. 2021Modular Design Patterns for Hybrid Learning and Reasoning Systems: a taxonomy, patterns and use casescited by 39
  4. 2022Going Beyond XAI: A Systematic Survey for Explanation-Guided Learningcited by 35
  5. 2022NeuPSL: Neural Probabilistic Soft Logiccited by 34
  6. 2022VAEL: Bridging Variational Autoencoders and Probabilistic Logic Programmingcited by 31
  7. 2021Differentiable Inductive Logic Programming for Structured Examplescited by 26
  8. 2023Interpretability is in the Mind of the Beholder: A Causal Framework for Human-interpretable Representation Learningcited by 22
  9. 2022Neuro-Symbolic Verification of Deep Neural Networkscited by 21
  10. 2024A Neuro-Symbolic Benchmark Suite for Concept Quality and Reasoning Shortcutscited by 19
  11. 2025Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Towards Improving the Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 19
  12. 2021Differentiable Logic Machinescited by 18
38 more
  1. 2025Beyond the convexity assumption: Realistic tabular data generation under quantifier-free real linear constraintscited by 18
  2. 2023Interpretable Multimodal Misinformation Detection with Logic Reasoningcited by 16
  3. 2022Self-explaining deep models with logic rule reasoningcited by 13
  4. 2025Have Large Language Models Learned to Reason? A Characterization via 3-SAT Phase Transitioncited by 13
  5. 2022Neuro-Symbolic Learning of Answer Set Programs from Raw Datacited by 12
  6. 2023Semantic Strengthening of Neuro-Symbolic Learningcited by 12
  7. 2021Neuro-Symbolic Constraint Programming for Structured Predictioncited by 11
  8. 2021Faster-LTN: a neuro-symbolic, end-to-end object detection architecturecited by 10
  9. 2022Towards Semantic Communication Protocols: A Probabilistic Logic Perspectivecited by 10
  10. 2022Tractable Boolean and Arithmetic Circuitscited by 9
  11. 2022AdaLoGN: Adaptive Logic Graph Network for Reasoning-Based Machine Reading Comprehensioncited by 8
  12. 2021A Critical Review of Inductive Logic Programming Techniques for Explainable AIcited by 7
  13. 2025Defining neurosymbolic AIcited by 7
  14. 2024Strong hallucinations from negation and how to fix themcited by 6
  15. 2021Natlog: a Lightweight Logic Programming Language with a Neuro-symbolic Touchcited by 5
  16. 2022Strategy Synthesis for Zero-Sum Neuro-Symbolic Concurrent Stochastic Gamescited by 5
  17. 2024Using Domain Knowledge to Guide Dialog Structure Induction via Neural Probabilistic Soft Logiccited by 5
  18. 2024Towards Probabilistic Inductive Logic Programming with Neurosymbolic Inference and Relaxationcited by 5
  19. 2025A Study on Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Healthcare Perspectivescited by 5
  20. 2022Do Artificial Intelligence Systems Understand?cited by 4
  21. 2023DeepSaDe: Learning Neural Networks that Guarantee Domain Constraint Satisfactioncited by 4
  22. 2025Taxonomic Networks: A Representation for Neuro-Symbolic Pairingcited by 4
  23. 2021DeepPSL: End-to-end perception and reasoningcited by 3
  24. 2022PROTOtypical Logic Tensor Networks (PROTO-LTN) for Zero Shot Learningcited by 3
  25. 2025Neuro Symbolic Knowledge Reasoning for Procedural Video Question Answeringcited by 3
  26. 2025ABS: Enforcing Constraint Satisfaction On Generated Sequences Via Automata-Guided Beam Searchcited by 3
  27. 2025The DeepLog Neurosymbolic Machinecited by 3
  28. 2025Right for the Right Reasons: Avoiding Reasoning Shortcuts via Prototypical Neurosymbolic AIcited by 3
  29. 2022Reduced Implication-bias Logic Loss for Neuro-Symbolic Learningcited by 2
  30. 2023Generalization-baed similaritycited by 2
  31. 2023Neuro-Symbolic Recommendation Model based on Logic Querycited by 2
  32. 2024Simple and Effective Transfer Learning for Neuro-Symbolic Integrationcited by 2
  33. 2022A Gaze into the Internal Logic of Graph Neural Networks, with Logiccited by 1
  34. 2023Beyond Traditional Neural Networks: Toward adding Reasoning and Learning Capabilities through Computational Logic Techniquescited by 1
  35. 2024Convex and Bilevel Optimization for Neuro-Symbolic Inference and Learningcited by 1
  36. 2024Savvy: Trustworthy Autonomous Vehicles Architecturecited by 1
  37. 2024Open-World Visual Reasoning by a Neuro-Symbolic Program of Zero-Shot Symbolscited by 1
  38. 2025Standard Neural Computation Alone Is Insufficient for Logical Intelligencecited by 1

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