PANDA: A Gigapixel-level Human-centric Video Dataset
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We present PANDA, the first gigaPixel-level humAN-centric viDeo dAtaset, for large-scale, long-term, and multi-object visual analysis. The videos in PANDA were captured by a gigapixel camera and cover real-world scenes with both wide field-of-view (~1 square kilometer area) and high-resolution details (~gigapixel-level/frame). The scenes may contain 4k head counts with over 100x scale variation. PANDA provides enriched and hierarchical ground-truth annotations, including 15,974.6k bounding boxes, 111.8k fine-grained attribute labels, 12.7k trajectories, 2.2k groups and 2.9k interactions. We benchmark the human detection and tracking tasks. Due to the vast variance of pedestrian pose, scale, occlusion and trajectory, existing approaches are challenged by both accuracy and efficiency. Given the uniqueness of PANDA with both wide FoV and high resolution, a new task of interaction-aware group detection is introduced. We design a 'global-to-local zoom-in' framework, where global trajectories and local interactions are simultaneously encoded, yielding promising results. We believe PANDA will contribute to the community of artificial intelligence and praxeology by understanding human behaviors and interactions in large-scale real-world scenes. PANDA Website: http://www.panda-dataset.com.
Key facts. Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2020.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 9; 2023: 8; 2024: 10; 2025: 9; 2026: 6.
45 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023OmniSeg3D: Omniversal 3D Segmentation via Hierarchical Contrastive Learningcited by 75
- 2024Toward Visual Grounding: A Surveycited by 52
- 2021Learning to Downsample for Segmentation of Ultra-High Resolution Imagescited by 19
- 2023Reconstructing Groups of People with Hypergraph Relational Reasoningcited by 18
- 2024ESOD: Efficient Small Object Detection on High-Resolution Imagescited by 15
- 2024Nonverbal Interaction Detectioncited by 14
- 2025SkyReels-Audio: Omni Audio-Conditioned Talking Portraits in Video Diffusion Transformerscited by 14
- 2022Panoramic Human Activity Recognitioncited by 13
- 2024JRDB-Social: A Multifaceted Robotic Dataset for Understanding of Context and Dynamics of Human Interactions Within Social Groupscited by 13
- 2023Crowd3D: Towards Hundreds of People Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 12
- 2022Efficient High-Resolution Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 9
- 2025MedGen: Unlocking Medical Video Generation by Scaling Granularly-annotated Medical Videoscited by 9
33 more
- 2023Vision-based Multi-future Trajectory Prediction: A Surveycited by 8
- 2022Self-supervised Social Relation Representation for Human Group Detectioncited by 7
- 2025SparseFormer: Detecting Objects in HRW Shots via Sparse Vision Transformercited by 7
- 2024XScale-NVS: Cross-Scale Novel View Synthesis with Hash Featurized Manifoldcited by 6
- 2024SaccadeDet: A Novel Dual-Stage Architecture for Rapid and Accurate Detection in Gigapixel Imagescited by 5
- 2025AnyCap Project: A Unified Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark for Controllable Omni-modal Captioningcited by 5
- 2025Learning Human-Object Interaction as Groupscited by 5
- 2021SHD360: A Benchmark Dataset for Salient Human Detection in 360deg Videoscited by 4
- 2025Dynamic Group Detection using VLM-augmented Temporal Groupness Graphcited by 4
- 2021HighlightMe: Detecting Highlights from Human-Centric Videoscited by 3
- 2022SOMPT22: A Surveillance Oriented Multi-Pedestrian Tracking Datasetcited by 3
- 2023PromptMix: Text-to-image diffusion models enhance the performance of lightweight networkscited by 3
- 2023Data-Side Efficiencies for Lightweight Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 3
- 2025HRScene: How Far Are VLMs from Effective High-Resolution Image Understanding?cited by 3
- 2025DyCrowd: Towards Dynamic Crowd Reconstruction from a Large-scene Videocited by 3
- 2022ADG-Pose: Automated Dataset Generation for Real-World Human Pose Estimationcited by 2
- 2023CrowdRec: 3D Crowd Reconstruction from Single Color Imagescited by 2
- 2024RCR: Robust Crowd Reconstruction with Upright Space from a Single Large-scene Imagecited by 2
- 2022E^2TAD: An Energy-Efficient Tracking-based Action Detectorcited by 1
- 2022Cross-Camera Deep Colorizationcited by 1
- 2022One Venue, Two Conferences: The Separation of Chinese and American Citation Networkscited by 1
- 2024Spatio-Temporal Proximity-Aware Dual-Path Model for Panoramic Activity Recognitioncited by 1
- 2022Actor-identified Spatiotemporal Action Detection -- Detecting Who Is Doing What in Videoscited by 0
- 2023Accurate Gigapixel Crowd Counting by Iterative Zooming and Refinementcited by 0
- 2024DynamicTrack: Advancing Gigapixel Tracking in Crowded Scenescited by 0
- 2024MPT-PAR:Mix-Parameters Transformer for Panoramic Activity Recognitioncited by 0
- 2025Towards Developing Socially Compliant Automated Vehicles: Advances, Expert Insights, and A Conceptual Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026EgoGroups: A Benchmark For Detecting Social Groups of People in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026How to Design a Compact High-Throughput Video Camera?cited by 0
- 2026UHR-DETR: Efficient End-to-End Small Object Detection for Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 0
- 2026Towards Resolving Optimization Conflicts Between Image- and Text-Based Person Re-Identificationcited by 0
- 2026Crowd4D: Scene-Aware Monocular 4D Crowd Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026Understanding Dynamic Scenes at Gigapixel Scale: Wide-Area Spatio-Temporal Perception from UAVscited by 0
- 2026Understanding Dynamic Scenes at Gigapixel Scale: Wide-Area Spatio-Temporal Perception from UAVs16 Sep 2026
- 2026Crowd4D: Scene-Aware Monocular 4D Crowd Reconstruction21 Jul 2026
- 2026Towards Resolving Optimization Conflicts Between Image- and Text-Based Person Re-Identification1 Jun 2026
- 2026UHR-DETR: Efficient End-to-End Small Object Detection for Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery23 Apr 2026
- 2026How to Design a Compact High-Throughput Video Camera?12 Apr 2026
- 2026EgoGroups: A Benchmark For Detecting Social Groups of People in the Wild23 Mar 2026
- 2025Learning Human-Object Interaction as Groups21 Oct 2025
- 2025Dynamic Group Detection using VLM-augmented Temporal Groupness Graph5 Sep 2025
- 2025DyCrowd: Towards Dynamic Crowd Reconstruction from a Large-scene Video18 Aug 2025
- 2025AnyCap Project: A Unified Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark for Controllable Omni-modal Captioning17 Jul 2025
- 2025MedGen: Unlocking Medical Video Generation by Scaling Granularly-annotated Medical Videos8 Jul 2025
- 2025SkyReels-Audio: Omni Audio-Conditioned Talking Portraits in Video Diffusion Transformers1 Jun 2025
33 more
- 2025HRScene: How Far Are VLMs from Effective High-Resolution Image Understanding?25 Apr 2025
- 2025SparseFormer: Detecting Objects in HRW Shots via Sparse Vision Transformer11 Feb 2025
- 2025Towards Developing Socially Compliant Automated Vehicles: Advances, Expert Insights, and A Conceptual Framework10 Jan 2025
- 2024Toward Visual Grounding: A Survey28 Dec 2024
- 2024RCR: Robust Crowd Reconstruction with Upright Space from a Single Large-scene Image9 Nov 2024
- 2024MPT-PAR:Mix-Parameters Transformer for Panoramic Activity Recognition1 Aug 2024
- 2024DynamicTrack: Advancing Gigapixel Tracking in Crowded Scenes26 Jul 2024
- 2024SaccadeDet: A Novel Dual-Stage Architecture for Rapid and Accurate Detection in Gigapixel Images25 Jul 2024
- 2024ESOD: Efficient Small Object Detection on High-Resolution Images23 Jul 2024
- 2024Nonverbal Interaction Detection11 Jul 2024
- 2024JRDB-Social: A Multifaceted Robotic Dataset for Understanding of Context and Dynamics of Human Interactions Within Social Groups6 Apr 2024
- 2024XScale-NVS: Cross-Scale Novel View Synthesis with Hash Featurized Manifold28 Mar 2024
- 2024Spatio-Temporal Proximity-Aware Dual-Path Model for Panoramic Activity Recognition21 Mar 2024
- 2023OmniSeg3D: Omniversal 3D Segmentation via Hierarchical Contrastive Learning20 Nov 2023
- 2023CrowdRec: 3D Crowd Reconstruction from Single Color Images10 Oct 2023
- 2023Reconstructing Groups of People with Hypergraph Relational Reasoning30 Aug 2023
- 2023Data-Side Efficiencies for Lightweight Convolutional Neural Networks24 Aug 2023
- 2023Accurate Gigapixel Crowd Counting by Iterative Zooming and Refinement16 May 2023
- 2023Vision-based Multi-future Trajectory Prediction: A Survey21 Feb 2023
- 2023PromptMix: Text-to-image diffusion models enhance the performance of lightweight networks30 Jan 2023
- 2023Crowd3D: Towards Hundreds of People Reconstruction from a Single Image23 Jan 2023
- 2022One Venue, Two Conferences: The Separation of Chinese and American Citation Networks17 Nov 2022
- 2022Actor-identified Spatiotemporal Action Detection -- Detecting Who Is Doing What in Videos27 Aug 2022
- 2022Cross-Camera Deep Colorization26 Aug 2022
- 2022SOMPT22: A Surveillance Oriented Multi-Pedestrian Tracking Dataset4 Aug 2022
- 2022Efficient High-Resolution Deep Learning: A Survey26 Jul 2022
- 2022E^2TAD: An Energy-Efficient Tracking-based Action Detector9 Apr 2022
- 2022Self-supervised Social Relation Representation for Human Group Detection8 Mar 2022
- 2022Panoramic Human Activity Recognition8 Mar 2022
- 2022ADG-Pose: Automated Dataset Generation for Real-World Human Pose Estimation1 Feb 2022
- 2021HighlightMe: Detecting Highlights from Human-Centric Videos5 Oct 2021
- 2021Learning to Downsample for Segmentation of Ultra-High Resolution Images22 Sep 2021
- 2021SHD360: A Benchmark Dataset for Salient Human Detection in 360deg Videos24 May 2021
- 2023OmniSeg3D: Omniversal 3D Segmentation via Hierarchical Contrastive Learningcited by 75
- 2024Toward Visual Grounding: A Surveycited by 52
- 2021Learning to Downsample for Segmentation of Ultra-High Resolution Imagescited by 19
- 2023Reconstructing Groups of People with Hypergraph Relational Reasoningcited by 18
- 2024ESOD: Efficient Small Object Detection on High-Resolution Imagescited by 15
- 2024Nonverbal Interaction Detectioncited by 14
- 2022Panoramic Human Activity Recognitioncited by 13
- 2024JRDB-Social: A Multifaceted Robotic Dataset for Understanding of Context and Dynamics of Human Interactions Within Social Groupscited by 13
- 2023Crowd3D: Towards Hundreds of People Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 12
- 2022Efficient High-Resolution Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 9
- 2025MedGen: Unlocking Medical Video Generation by Scaling Granularly-annotated Medical Videoscited by 9
- 2023Vision-based Multi-future Trajectory Prediction: A Surveycited by 8
12 most cited of 43 All 43 (JSON)
- 2026Understanding Dynamic Scenes at Gigapixel Scale: Wide-Area Spatio-Temporal Perception from UAVs16 Sep 2026
- 2026Crowd4D: Scene-Aware Monocular 4D Crowd Reconstruction21 Jul 2026
- 2026Towards Resolving Optimization Conflicts Between Image- and Text-Based Person Re-Identification1 Jun 2026
- 2026UHR-DETR: Efficient End-to-End Small Object Detection for Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery23 Apr 2026
- 2026How to Design a Compact High-Throughput Video Camera?12 Apr 2026
- 2026EgoGroups: A Benchmark For Detecting Social Groups of People in the Wild23 Mar 2026
- 2025Learning Human-Object Interaction as Groups21 Oct 2025
- 2025Dynamic Group Detection using VLM-augmented Temporal Groupness Graph5 Sep 2025
- 2025DyCrowd: Towards Dynamic Crowd Reconstruction from a Large-scene Video18 Aug 2025
- 2025AnyCap Project: A Unified Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark for Controllable Omni-modal Captioning17 Jul 2025
- 2025MedGen: Unlocking Medical Video Generation by Scaling Granularly-annotated Medical Videos8 Jul 2025
- 2025HRScene: How Far Are VLMs from Effective High-Resolution Image Understanding?25 Apr 2025
12 newest of 43 All 43 (JSON)