2018 Robotic Scene Segmentation Challenge
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Abstract (arXiv)
In 2015 we began a sub-challenge at the EndoVis workshop at MICCAI in Munich using endoscope images of ex-vivo tissue with automatically generated annotations from robot forward kinematics and instrument CAD models. However, the limited background variation and simple motion rendered the dataset uninformative in learning about which techniques would be suitable for segmentation in real surgery. In 2017, at the same workshop in Quebec we introduced the robotic instrument segmentation dataset with 10 teams participating in the challenge to perform binary, articulating parts and type segmentation of da Vinci instruments. This challenge included realistic instrument motion and more complex porcine tissue as background and was widely addressed with modifications on U-Nets and other popular CNN architectures. In 2018 we added to the complexity by introducing a set of anatomical objects and medical devices to the segmented classes. To avoid over-complicating the challenge, we continued with porcine data which is dramatically simpler than human tissue due to the lack of fatty tissue occluding many organs.
Key facts. Cited by 123 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 30 Jan 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 13; 2023: 28; 2024: 24; 2025: 32; 2026: 18.
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- 2021Rendezvous: Attention Mechanisms for the Recognition of Surgical Action Triplets in Endoscopic Videoscited by 139
- 2024Vision-Language Models for Medical Report Generation and Visual Question Answering: A Reviewcited by 121
- 2024Segment Anything Model for Medical Image Segmentation: Current Applications and Future Directionscited by 97
- 2024GMAI-MMBench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Evaluation Benchmark Towards General Medical AIcited by 96
- 2022AutoLaparo: A New Dataset of Integrated Multi-tasks for Image-guided Surgical Automation in Laparoscopic Hysterectomycited by 85
- 2023MA-SAM: Modality-agnostic SAM Adaptation for 3D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 82
- 2022Surgical-VQA: Visual Question Answering in Surgical Scenes using Transformercited by 58
- 2023SAR-RARP50: Segmentation of surgical instrumentation and Action Recognition on Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Challengecited by 54
- 2023Learning How To Robustly Estimate Camera Pose in Endoscopic Videoscited by 49
- 2023SurgicalGPT: End-to-End Language-Vision GPT for Visual Question Answering in Surgerycited by 48
- 2024Surgical SAM 2: Real-time Segment Anything in Surgical Video by Efficient Frame Pruningcited by 46
- 2023Surgical-VQLA: Transformer with Gated Vision-Language Embedding for Visual Question Localized-Answering in Robotic Surgerycited by 44
38 more
- 2024Segment Anything in Medical Images and Videos: Benchmark and Deploymentcited by 42
- 2022TraSeTR: Track-to-Segment Transformer with Contrastive Query for Instance-level Instrument Segmentation in Robotic Surgerycited by 40
- 2024Surgical-LVLM: Learning to Adapt Large Vision-Language Model for Grounded Visual Question Answering in Robotic Surgerycited by 39
- 2023AdaptiveSAM: Towards Efficient Tuning of SAM for Surgical Scene Segmentationcited by 37
- 2023MATIS: Masked-Attention Transformers for Surgical Instrument Segmentationcited by 36
- 2022Towards Holistic Surgical Scene Understandingcited by 33
- 2023SAM Meets Robotic Surgery: An Empirical Study on Generalization, Robustness and Adaptationcited by 30
- 2022Exploring Intra- and Inter-Video Relation for Surgical Semantic Scene Segmentationcited by 27
- 2024General surgery vision transformer: A video pre-trained foundation model for general surgerycited by 25
- 2023SAM Meets Robotic Surgery: An Empirical Study in Robustness Perspectivecited by 24
- 2023Deep learning for unsupervised domain adaptation in medical imaging: Recent advancements and future perspectivescited by 24
- 2023CholecTriplet2022: Show me a tool and tell me the triplet -- an endoscopic vision challenge for surgical action triplet detectioncited by 22
- 2024SAM 2 in Robotic Surgery: An Empirical Evaluation for Robustness and Generalization in Surgical Video Segmentationcited by 21
- 2023Rethinking Exemplars for Continual Semantic Segmentation in Endoscopy Scenes: Entropy-based Mini-Batch Pseudo-Replaycited by 20
- 2021Class-Incremental Domain Adaptation with Smoothing and Calibration for Surgical Report Generationcited by 18
- 2022SimT: Handling Open-set Noise for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 17
- 2023CAT-ViL: Co-Attention Gated Vision-Language Embedding for Visual Question Localized-Answering in Robotic Surgerycited by 17
- 2024Surgical-VQLA++: Adversarial Contrastive Learning for Calibrated Robust Visual Question-Localized Answering in Robotic Surgerycited by 17
- 2022Rethinking Surgical Instrument Segmentation: A Background Image Can Be All You Needcited by 16
- 2023Revisiting Distillation for Continual Learning on Visual Question Localized-Answering in Robotic Surgerycited by 15
- 2025ReSurgSAM2: Referring Segment Anything in Surgical Video via Credible Long-term Trackingcited by 15
- 2021One to Many: Adaptive Instrument Segmentation via Meta Learning and Dynamic Online Adaptation in Robotic Surgical Videocited by 14
- 2023Dynamic Interactive Relation Capturing via Scene Graph Learning for Robotic Surgical Report Generationcited by 14
- 2025Endo3R: Unified Online Reconstruction from Dynamic Monocular Endoscopic Videocited by 14
- 2024Transferring Relative Monocular Depth to Surgical Vision with Temporal Consistencycited by 13
- 2024LighTDiff: Surgical Endoscopic Image Low-Light Enhancement with T-Diffusioncited by 12
- 2024ASI-Seg: Audio-Driven Surgical Instrument Segmentation with Surgeon Intention Understandingcited by 12
- 2021Efficient Global-Local Memory for Real-time Instrument Segmentation of Robotic Surgical Videocited by 10
- 2022Recent Progress in Transformer-based Medical Image Analysiscited by 9
- 2024Online 3D reconstruction and dense tracking in endoscopic videoscited by 9
- 2022Joint Class-Affinity Loss Correction for Robust Medical Image Segmentation with Noisy Labelscited by 8
- 2023SurgicalPart-SAM: Part-to-Whole Collaborative Prompting for Surgical Instrument Segmentationcited by 8
- 2025Surgical Scene Understanding in the Era of Foundation AI Models: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 8
- 2025Recent Advances in Medical Imaging Segmentation: A Surveycited by 8
- 2025Memory-Augmented SAM2 for Training-Free Surgical Video Segmentationcited by 8
- 2024SegSTRONG-C: Segmenting Surgical Tools Robustly On Non-adversarial Generated Corruptions -- An EndoVis'24 Challengecited by 7
- 2025SurgTPGS: Semantic 3D Surgical Scene Understanding with Text Promptable Gaussian Splattingcited by 7
- 2025Does DINOv3 Set a New Medical Vision Standard? Benchmarking 2D and 3D Classification, Segmentation, and Registrationcited by 7
50 most cited of 123 All 123 (JSON)
- 2026TEDi: Temporal Memory-Enhanced and Denoising Transformer for Surgical Instrument Segmentation15 Sep 2026
- 2026ReGround-Surg: Reliability-Guided Anchor Grounding for Referring Surgical Video Segmentation25 Aug 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Prototype-Memory Adaptation of SAM for Surgical Instrument Segmentation25 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Instrument Motion: Recognizing Tissue Tension Toward Surgical Skill Assessment18 Aug 2026
- 2026MedClaw: Heuristic Agent Harness for Long-Horizon Surgical Video Reasoning14 Aug 2026
- 2026Toward Mask Annotation-Free Surgical Instrument Segmentation from Endoscopic Images Using Text-Prompted Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM3)9 Aug 2026
- 2026Parameter-Efficient Adaptation of SAM3 for Prompt-Driven Surgical Concept Segmentation26 Jul 2026
- 2026DeGenseGS: Geometrically and Semantically Decoupled Surgical Scene Understanding in 4D Gaussian Splatting6 Jul 2026
- 2026Dense Structural Priors for Sparse Functional Landmark Localization in Surgical Videos30 Jun 2026
- 2026Temporally Consistent Label Interpolation for Robust Surgical Multi-Task Learning under Challenging Conditions25 Jun 2026
- 2026Object Tokens as a Bridge Between Segmentation and Visual Question Answering in Robotic Surgery14 Jun 2026
- 2026SurfSurg6D: Geometry Consistent Dense Correspondence for Textureless Surgical Instrument Pose Estimation25 May 2026
38 more
- 2026RoboSurg-VQA: A Multimodal Benchmark for Surgical Segmentation-Aware Visual Question Answering21 May 2026
- 2026UniSurgSAM: A Unified Promptable Model for Reliable Surgical Video Segmentation4 Apr 2026
- 2026AffordTissue: Dense Affordance Prediction for Tool-Action Specific Tissue Interaction1 Apr 2026
- 2026SCISSR: Scribble-Conditioned Interactive Surgical Segmentation and Refinement19 Mar 2026
- 2026SurgFed: Language-guided Multi-Task Federated Learning for Surgical Video Understanding10 Mar 2026
- 2026SUREON: A Benchmark and Vision-Language-Model for Surgical Reasoning6 Mar 2026
- 2025Fast SAM2 with Text-Driven Token Pruning24 Dec 2025
- 2025Toward Real-Time Surgical Scene Segmentation via a Spike-Driven Video Transformer with Spike-Informed Pretraining24 Dec 2025
- 2025ReMeDI: Refined Memory for Disambiguation of Identities with SAM3 in Surgical Segmentation18 Dec 2025
- 2025More than Segmentation: Benchmarking SAM 3 for Segmentation, 3D Perception, and Reconstruction in Robotic Surgery8 Dec 2025
- 2025SurgSLOT: Segment Anything in Surgical Videos via Semantic Long-term Tracking20 Nov 2025
- 2025The SAGES Critical View of Safety Challenge: A Global Benchmark for AI-Assisted Surgical Quality Assessment21 Sep 2025
- 2025Surgical-MambaLLM: Mamba2-enhanced Multimodal Large Language Model for VQLA in Robotic Surgery20 Sep 2025
- 2025Does DINOv3 Set a New Medical Vision Standard? Benchmarking 2D and 3D Classification, Segmentation, and Registration8 Sep 2025
- 2025Dynamic Robot-Assisted Surgery with Hierarchical Class-Incremental Semantic Segmentation3 Aug 2025
- 2025Beyond Rigid AI: Towards Natural Human-Machine Symbiosis for Interoperative Surgical Assistance30 Jul 2025
- 2025SurgPIS: Surgical-instrument-level Instances and Part-level Semantics for Weakly-supervised Part-aware Instance Segmentation25 Jul 2025
- 2025Comparative validation of surgical phase recognition, instrument keypoint estimation, and instrument instance segmentation in endoscopy: Results of the PhaKIR 2024 challenge22 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Holistic Surgical Scene Graph21 Jul 2025
- 2025Memory-Augmented SAM2 for Training-Free Surgical Video Segmentation13 Jul 2025
- 2025CLIP-RL: Surgical Scene Segmentation Using Contrastive Language-Vision Pretraining & Reinforcement Learning6 Jul 2025
- 2025Surg-SegFormer: A Dual Transformer-Based Model for Holistic Surgical Scene Segmentation6 Jul 2025
- 2025SurgVisAgent: Multimodal Agentic Model for Versatile Surgical Visual Enhancement3 Jul 2025
- 2025Spatio-Temporal Representation Decoupling and Enhancement for Federated Instrument Segmentation in Surgical Videos30 Jun 2025
- 2025SurgTPGS: Semantic 3D Surgical Scene Understanding with Text Promptable Gaussian Splatting29 Jun 2025
- 2025Surgery-R1: Advancing Surgical-VQLA with Reasoning Multimodal Large Language Model via Reinforcement Learning24 Jun 2025
- 2025EndoARSS: Adapting Spatially-Aware Foundation Model for Efficient Activity Recognition and Semantic Segmentation in Endoscopic Surgery7 Jun 2025
- 2025Surgical Foundation Model Leveraging Compression and Entropy Maximization for Image-Guided Surgical Assistance16 May 2025
- 2025Recent Advances in Medical Imaging Segmentation: A Survey14 May 2025
- 2025ReSurgSAM2: Referring Segment Anything in Surgical Video via Credible Long-term Tracking13 May 2025
- 2025Temporal Propagation of Asymmetric Feature Pyramid for Surgical Scene Segmentation18 Apr 2025
- 2025Endo3R: Unified Online Reconstruction from Dynamic Monocular Endoscopic Video4 Apr 2025
- 2025Can DeepSeek Reason Like a Surgeon? An Empirical Evaluation for Vision-Language Understanding in Robotic-Assisted Surgery29 Mar 2025
- 2025EgoSurgery-HTS: A Dataset for Egocentric Hand-Tool Segmentation in Open Surgery Videos24 Mar 2025
- 2025Instrument-Splatting: Controllable Photorealistic Reconstruction of Surgical Instruments Using Gaussian Splatting6 Mar 2025
- 2025Hierarchical Context Transformer for Multi-level Semantic Scene Understanding21 Feb 2025
- 2025Surgical Scene Understanding in the Era of Foundation AI Models: A Comprehensive Review16 Feb 2025
- 2025Imbalanced Medical Image Segmentation with Pixel-dependent Noisy Labels12 Jan 2025
50 newest of 123 All 123 (JSON)
- 2024Vision-Language Models for Medical Report Generation and Visual Question Answering: A Reviewcited by 121
- 2024GMAI-MMBench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Evaluation Benchmark Towards General Medical AIcited by 96
- 2024Surgical-LVLM: Learning to Adapt Large Vision-Language Model for Grounded Visual Question Answering in Robotic Surgerycited by 39
- 2025SurgTPGS: Semantic 3D Surgical Scene Understanding with Text Promptable Gaussian Splattingcited by 7
- 2025Surgical-MambaLLM: Mamba2-enhanced Multimodal Large Language Model for VQLA in Robotic Surgerycited by 3
- 2026Object Tokens as a Bridge Between Segmentation and Visual Question Answering in Robotic Surgerycited by 0
- 2026Object Tokens as a Bridge Between Segmentation and Visual Question Answering in Robotic Surgery14 Jun 2026
- 2025Surgical-MambaLLM: Mamba2-enhanced Multimodal Large Language Model for VQLA in Robotic Surgery20 Sep 2025
- 2025SurgTPGS: Semantic 3D Surgical Scene Understanding with Text Promptable Gaussian Splatting29 Jun 2025
- 2024GMAI-MMBench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Evaluation Benchmark Towards General Medical AI6 Aug 2024
- 2024Surgical-LVLM: Learning to Adapt Large Vision-Language Model for Grounded Visual Question Answering in Robotic Surgery22 Mar 2024
- 2024Vision-Language Models for Medical Report Generation and Visual Question Answering: A Review4 Mar 2024
- 2026SUREON: A Benchmark and Vision-Language-Model for Surgical Reasoningcited by 6
- 2025Surgery-R1: Advancing Surgical-VQLA with Reasoning Multimodal Large Language Model via Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2026MedClaw: Heuristic Agent Harness for Long-Horizon Surgical Video Reasoningcited by 2
- 2025Can DeepSeek Reason Like a Surgeon? An Empirical Evaluation for Vision-Language Understanding in Robotic-Assisted Surgerycited by 0
- 2026MedClaw: Heuristic Agent Harness for Long-Horizon Surgical Video Reasoning14 Aug 2026
- 2026SUREON: A Benchmark and Vision-Language-Model for Surgical Reasoning6 Mar 2026
- 2025Surgery-R1: Advancing Surgical-VQLA with Reasoning Multimodal Large Language Model via Reinforcement Learning24 Jun 2025
- 2025Can DeepSeek Reason Like a Surgeon? An Empirical Evaluation for Vision-Language Understanding in Robotic-Assisted Surgery29 Mar 2025
- 2025Fast SAM2 with Text-Driven Token Pruningcited by 3
- 2025Fast SAM2 with Text-Driven Token Pruning24 Dec 2025
- 2021Rendezvous: Attention Mechanisms for the Recognition of Surgical Action Triplets in Endoscopic Videoscited by 139
- 2024Segment Anything Model for Medical Image Segmentation: Current Applications and Future Directionscited by 97
- 2022AutoLaparo: A New Dataset of Integrated Multi-tasks for Image-guided Surgical Automation in Laparoscopic Hysterectomycited by 85
- 2023MA-SAM: Modality-agnostic SAM Adaptation for 3D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 82
- 2022Surgical-VQA: Visual Question Answering in Surgical Scenes using Transformercited by 58
- 2023SAR-RARP50: Segmentation of surgical instrumentation and Action Recognition on Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Challengecited by 54
- 2023Learning How To Robustly Estimate Camera Pose in Endoscopic Videoscited by 49
- 2023SurgicalGPT: End-to-End Language-Vision GPT for Visual Question Answering in Surgerycited by 48
- 2024Surgical SAM 2: Real-time Segment Anything in Surgical Video by Efficient Frame Pruningcited by 46
- 2023Surgical-VQLA: Transformer with Gated Vision-Language Embedding for Visual Question Localized-Answering in Robotic Surgerycited by 44
- 2024Segment Anything in Medical Images and Videos: Benchmark and Deploymentcited by 42
- 2022TraSeTR: Track-to-Segment Transformer with Contrastive Query for Instance-level Instrument Segmentation in Robotic Surgerycited by 40
12 most cited of 111 All 111 (JSON)
- 2026TEDi: Temporal Memory-Enhanced and Denoising Transformer for Surgical Instrument Segmentation15 Sep 2026
- 2026ReGround-Surg: Reliability-Guided Anchor Grounding for Referring Surgical Video Segmentation25 Aug 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Prototype-Memory Adaptation of SAM for Surgical Instrument Segmentation25 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Instrument Motion: Recognizing Tissue Tension Toward Surgical Skill Assessment18 Aug 2026
- 2026Toward Mask Annotation-Free Surgical Instrument Segmentation from Endoscopic Images Using Text-Prompted Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM3)9 Aug 2026
- 2026Parameter-Efficient Adaptation of SAM3 for Prompt-Driven Surgical Concept Segmentation26 Jul 2026
- 2026DeGenseGS: Geometrically and Semantically Decoupled Surgical Scene Understanding in 4D Gaussian Splatting6 Jul 2026
- 2026Dense Structural Priors for Sparse Functional Landmark Localization in Surgical Videos30 Jun 2026
- 2026Temporally Consistent Label Interpolation for Robust Surgical Multi-Task Learning under Challenging Conditions25 Jun 2026
- 2026SurfSurg6D: Geometry Consistent Dense Correspondence for Textureless Surgical Instrument Pose Estimation25 May 2026
- 2026RoboSurg-VQA: A Multimodal Benchmark for Surgical Segmentation-Aware Visual Question Answering21 May 2026
- 2026UniSurgSAM: A Unified Promptable Model for Reliable Surgical Video Segmentation4 Apr 2026
12 newest of 111 All 111 (JSON)