AutoCross: Automatic Feature Crossing for Tabular Data in Real-World Applications
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Abstract (arXiv)
Feature crossing captures interactions among categorical features and is useful to enhance learning from tabular data in real-world businesses. In this paper, we present AutoCross, an automatic feature crossing tool provided by 4Paradigm to its customers, ranging from banks, hospitals, to Internet corporations. By performing beam search in a tree-structured space, AutoCross enables efficient generation of high-order cross features, which is not yet visited by existing works. Additionally, we propose successive mini-batch gradient descent and multi-granularity discretization to further improve efficiency and effectiveness, while ensuring simplicity so that no machine learning expertise or tedious hyper-parameter tuning is required. Furthermore, the algorithms are designed to reduce the computational, transmitting, and storage costs involved in distributed computing. Experimental results on both benchmark and real-world business datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of AutoCross. It is shown that AutoCross can significantly enhance the performance of both linear and deep models.
Key facts. Cited by 39 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Apr 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 9; 2023: 4; 2024: 6; 2025: 9; 2026: 2.
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- 2022TransTab: Learning Transferable Tabular Transformers Across Tablescited by 132
- 2023When Large Language Models Meet Personalization: Perspectives of Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 89
- 2022OpenFE: Automated Feature Generation with Expert-level Performancecited by 52
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- 2021TabGNN: Multiplex Graph Neural Network for Tabular Data Predictioncited by 26
- 2023Towards Cross-Table Masked Pretraining for Web Data Miningcited by 21
- 2024Automated data processing and feature engineering for deep learning and big data applications: a surveycited by 14
- 2024OptDist: Learning Optimal Distribution for Customer Lifetime Value Predictioncited by 8
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- 2021ChaCha for Online AutoMLcited by 3
- 2021Feature Cross Search via Submodular Optimizationcited by 3
- 2024FeatAug: Automatic Feature Augmentation From One-to-Many Relationship Tablescited by 3
- 2025Tabular Feature Discovery With Reasoning Type Explorationcited by 3
- 2021AEFE: Automatic Embedded Feature Engineering for Categorical Featurescited by 2
- 2025Towards Data-Centric AI: A Comprehensive Survey of Traditional, Reinforcement, and Generative Approaches for Tabular Data Transformationcited by 2
- 2025TayFCS: Towards Light Feature Combination Selection for Deep Recommender Systemscited by 2
- 2025Dual-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Automated Feature Generationcited by 1
- 2021DNN2LR: Automatic Feature Crossing for Credit Scoringcited by 0
- 2021Explainable Enterprise Credit Rating via Deep Feature Crossing Networkcited by 0
- 2021Online Interaction Detection for Click-Through Rate Predictioncited by 0
- 2022A Concept and Argumentation based Interpretable Model in High Risk Domainscited by 0
- 2023Causal Structure Learning by Using Intersection of Markov Blanketscited by 0
- 2024A Novel Hybrid Feature Importance and Feature Interaction Detection Framework for Predictive Optimization in Industry 4.0 Applicationscited by 0
- 2024Task agnostic continual learning with Pairwise layer architecturecited by 0
- 2025FeatInsight: An Online ML Feature Management System on 4Paradigm Sage-Studio Platformcited by 0
- 2025Two-Stage Feature Generation with Transformer and Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2025How Usable is Automated Feature Engineering for Tabular Data?cited by 0
- 2026SCOPE-FE: Structured Control of Operator and Pairwise Exploration for Feature Engineering via Quality-Aware Candidate-Space Reductioncited by 0
- 2026Bi-NAS: Towards Effective and Personalized Explanation for Recommender Systems via Bi-Level Neural Architecture Searchcited by 0
- 2026Bi-NAS: Towards Effective and Personalized Explanation for Recommender Systems via Bi-Level Neural Architecture Search1 Jul 2026
- 2026SCOPE-FE: Structured Control of Operator and Pairwise Exploration for Feature Engineering via Quality-Aware Candidate-Space Reduction29 Apr 2026
- 2025How Usable is Automated Feature Engineering for Tabular Data?19 Aug 2025
- 2025TayFCS: Towards Light Feature Combination Selection for Deep Recommender Systems5 Jul 2025
- 2025Tabular Feature Discovery With Reasoning Type Exploration25 Jun 2025
- 2025Two-Stage Feature Generation with Transformer and Reinforcement Learning28 May 2025
- 2025Dual-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Automated Feature Generation19 May 2025
- 2025Representation Learning for Tabular Data: A Comprehensive Survey17 Apr 2025
- 2025FeatInsight: An Online ML Feature Management System on 4Paradigm Sage-Studio Platform1 Apr 2025
- 2025FastFT: Accelerating Reinforced Feature Transformation via Advanced Exploration Strategies26 Mar 2025
- 2025Towards Data-Centric AI: A Comprehensive Survey of Traditional, Reinforcement, and Generative Approaches for Tabular Data Transformation17 Jan 2025
- 2024OptDist: Learning Optimal Distribution for Customer Lifetime Value Prediction16 Aug 2024
27 more
- 2024Uncertainty-Guided Likelihood Tree Search4 Jul 2024
- 2024Task agnostic continual learning with Pairwise layer architecture22 May 2024
- 2024Automated data processing and feature engineering for deep learning and big data applications: a survey18 Mar 2024
- 2024FeatAug: Automatic Feature Augmentation From One-to-Many Relationship Tables11 Mar 2024
- 2024A Novel Hybrid Feature Importance and Feature Interaction Detection Framework for Predictive Optimization in Industry 4.0 Applications4 Mar 2024
- 2023Self-optimizing Feature Generation via Categorical Hashing Representation and Hierarchical Reinforcement Crossing8 Sep 2023
- 2023When Large Language Models Meet Personalization: Perspectives of Challenges and Opportunities31 Jul 2023
- 2023Towards Cross-Table Masked Pretraining for Web Data Mining10 Jul 2023
- 2023Causal Structure Learning by Using Intersection of Markov Blankets1 Jul 2023
- 2022Quant 4.0: Engineering Quantitative Investment with Automated, Explainable and Knowledge-driven Artificial Intelligence13 Dec 2022
- 2022OpenFE: Automated Feature Generation with Expert-level Performance22 Nov 2022
- 2022A Concept and Argumentation based Interpretable Model in High Risk Domains17 Aug 2022
- 2022DIWIFT: Discovering Instance-wise Influential Features for Tabular Data6 Jul 2022
- 2022TransTab: Learning Transferable Tabular Transformers Across Tables19 May 2022
- 2022AutoField: Automating Feature Selection in Deep Recommender Systems19 Apr 2022
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey on Automated Machine Learning for Recommendations4 Apr 2022
- 2022i-Razor: A Differentiable Neural Input Razor for Feature Selection and Dimension Search in DNN-Based Recommender Systems1 Apr 2022
- 2022Click-Through Rate Prediction in Online Advertising: A Literature Review22 Feb 2022
- 2021AEFE: Automatic Embedded Feature Engineering for Categorical Features19 Oct 2021
- 2021TabGNN: Multiplex Graph Neural Network for Tabular Data Prediction20 Aug 2021
- 2021Feature Cross Search via Submodular Optimization5 Jul 2021
- 2021Online Interaction Detection for Click-Through Rate Prediction27 Jun 2021
- 2021AutoLoss: Automated Loss Function Search in Recommendations12 Jun 2021
- 2021ChaCha for Online AutoML9 Jun 2021
- 2021Explainable Enterprise Credit Rating via Deep Feature Crossing Network22 May 2021
- 2021XCrossNet: Feature Structure-Oriented Learning for Click-Through Rate Prediction22 Apr 2021
- 2021DNN2LR: Automatic Feature Crossing for Credit Scoring24 Feb 2021
- 2024Uncertainty-Guided Likelihood Tree Searchcited by 4
- 2025Tabular Feature Discovery With Reasoning Type Explorationcited by 3
- 2025Tabular Feature Discovery With Reasoning Type Exploration25 Jun 2025
- 2024Uncertainty-Guided Likelihood Tree Search4 Jul 2024
- 2022TransTab: Learning Transferable Tabular Transformers Across Tablescited by 132
- 2023When Large Language Models Meet Personalization: Perspectives of Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 89
- 2022OpenFE: Automated Feature Generation with Expert-level Performancecited by 52
- 2025Representation Learning for Tabular Data: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 36
- 2021AutoLoss: Automated Loss Function Search in Recommendationscited by 31
- 2022Click-Through Rate Prediction in Online Advertising: A Literature Reviewcited by 31
- 2022AutoField: Automating Feature Selection in Deep Recommender Systemscited by 30
- 2023Self-optimizing Feature Generation via Categorical Hashing Representation and Hierarchical Reinforcement Crossingcited by 30
- 2021TabGNN: Multiplex Graph Neural Network for Tabular Data Predictioncited by 26
- 2023Towards Cross-Table Masked Pretraining for Web Data Miningcited by 21
- 2024Automated data processing and feature engineering for deep learning and big data applications: a surveycited by 14
- 2024OptDist: Learning Optimal Distribution for Customer Lifetime Value Predictioncited by 8
12 most cited of 37 All 37 (JSON)
- 2026Bi-NAS: Towards Effective and Personalized Explanation for Recommender Systems via Bi-Level Neural Architecture Search1 Jul 2026
- 2026SCOPE-FE: Structured Control of Operator and Pairwise Exploration for Feature Engineering via Quality-Aware Candidate-Space Reduction29 Apr 2026
- 2025How Usable is Automated Feature Engineering for Tabular Data?19 Aug 2025
- 2025TayFCS: Towards Light Feature Combination Selection for Deep Recommender Systems5 Jul 2025
- 2025Two-Stage Feature Generation with Transformer and Reinforcement Learning28 May 2025
- 2025Dual-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Automated Feature Generation19 May 2025
- 2025Representation Learning for Tabular Data: A Comprehensive Survey17 Apr 2025
- 2025FeatInsight: An Online ML Feature Management System on 4Paradigm Sage-Studio Platform1 Apr 2025
- 2025FastFT: Accelerating Reinforced Feature Transformation via Advanced Exploration Strategies26 Mar 2025
- 2025Towards Data-Centric AI: A Comprehensive Survey of Traditional, Reinforcement, and Generative Approaches for Tabular Data Transformation17 Jan 2025
- 2024OptDist: Learning Optimal Distribution for Customer Lifetime Value Prediction16 Aug 2024
- 2024Task agnostic continual learning with Pairwise layer architecture22 May 2024
12 newest of 37 All 37 (JSON)