Asynchronous Federated Optimization
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Abstract (arXiv)
Federated learning enables training on a massive number of edge devices. To improve flexibility and scalability, we propose a new asynchronous federated optimization algorithm. We prove that the proposed approach has near-linear convergence to a global optimum, for both strongly convex and a restricted family of non-convex problems. Empirical results show that the proposed algorithm converges quickly and tolerates staleness in various applications.
Key facts. Cited by 267 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 48; 2022: 41; 2023: 52; 2024: 50; 2025: 47; 2026: 29.
267 papers.
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- 2021Federated Learning with Buffered Asynchronous Aggregationcited by 190
- 2021Papaya: Practical, Private, and Scalable Federated Learningcited by 90
- 2021Federated Learning: Opportunities and Challengescited by 84
- 2021Fast Federated Learning in the Presence of Arbitrary Device Unavailabilitycited by 72
- 2022FedDM: Iterative Distribution Matching for Communication-Efficient Federated Learningcited by 66
- 2021LightSecAgg: a Lightweight and Versatile Design for Secure Aggregation in Federated Learningcited by 64
- 2021FedLab: A Flexible Federated Learning Frameworkcited by 55
- 2022FederatedScope: A Flexible Federated Learning Platform for Heterogeneitycited by 53
- 2021Anarchic Federated Learningcited by 42
- 2022A Survey on Heterogeneous Federated Learningcited by 42
- 2023Federated Learning for Computationally-Constrained Heterogeneous Devices: A Surveycited by 40
- 2023FedSN: A Federated Learning Framework over Heterogeneous LEO Satellite Networkscited by 38
38 more
- 2021Ground-Assisted Federated Learning in LEO Satellite Constellationscited by 31
- 2022FedSynth: Gradient Compression via Synthetic Data in Federated Learningcited by 31
- 2021FedDR -- Randomized Douglas-Rachford Splitting Algorithms for Nonconvex Federated Composite Optimizationcited by 29
- 2022AFLGuard: Byzantine-robust Asynchronous Federated Learningcited by 29
- 2023Asynchronous Federated Continual Learningcited by 29
- 2022FedSpace: An Efficient Federated Learning Framework at Satellites and Ground Stationscited by 28
- 2022Mobility-Aware Cooperative Caching in Vehicular Edge Computing Based on Asynchronous Federated and Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 28
- 2023GradMA: A Gradient-Memory-based Accelerated Federated Learning with Alleviated Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 27
- 2023TimelyFL: Heterogeneity-aware Asynchronous Federated Learning with Adaptive Partial Trainingcited by 27
- 2021Resource-Efficient Federated Learningcited by 26
- 2022Towards Federated Learning against Noisy Labels via Local Self-Regularizationcited by 26
- 2024Asynchronous Local-SGD Training for Language Modelingcited by 26
- 2022A Survey on Federated Recommendation Systemscited by 25
- 2023Topology-aware Federated Learning in Edge Computing: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 23
- 2023FS-Real: Towards Real-World Cross-Device Federated Learningcited by 22
- 2022FedHAP: Fast Federated Learning for LEO Constellations Using Collaborative HAPscited by 21
- 2022Federated Learning in Satellite Constellationscited by 21
- 2024Asynchronous Federated Reinforcement Learning with Policy Gradient Updates: Algorithm Design and Convergence Analysiscited by 21
- 2024SatFed: A Resource-Efficient LEO Satellite-Assisted Heterogeneous Federated Learning Frameworkcited by 21
- 2021CodedPaddedFL and CodedSecAgg: Straggler Mitigation and Secure Aggregation in Federated Learningcited by 20
- 2022FedHiSyn: A Hierarchical Synchronous Federated Learning Framework for Resource and Data Heterogeneitycited by 20
- 2022Scheduling and Aggregation Design for Asynchronous Federated Learning over Wireless Networkscited by 20
- 2023MP-FedCL: Multiprototype Federated Contrastive Learning for Edge Intelligencecited by 20
- 2022AsyncFedED: Asynchronous Federated Learning with Euclidean Distance based Adaptive Weight Aggregationcited by 19
- 2024Advances in APPFL: A Comprehensive and Extensible Federated Learning Frameworkcited by 19
- 2021FedAR: Activity and Resource-Aware Federated Learning Model for Distributed Mobile Robotscited by 18
- 2022The Cost of Training Machine Learning Models over Distributed Data Sourcescited by 18
- 2022AsyncFLEO: Asynchronous Federated Learning for LEO Satellite Constellations with High-Altitude Platformscited by 18
- 2021Architectural Patterns for the Design of Federated Learning Systemscited by 17
- 2023HiFlash: Communication-Efficient Hierarchical Federated Learning with Adaptive Staleness Control and Heterogeneity-aware Client-Edge Associationcited by 17
- 2023FedVS: Straggler-Resilient and Privacy-Preserving Vertical Federated Learning for Split Modelscited by 17
- 2023FLuID: Mitigating Stragglers in Federated Learning using Invariant Dropoutcited by 16
- 2021Adaptive Transmission Scheduling in Wireless Networks for Asynchronous Federated Learningcited by 15
- 2023IronForge: An Open, Secure, Fair, Decentralized Federated Learningcited by 15
- 2021Asynchronous Federated Learning for Sensor Data with Concept Driftcited by 14
- 2022Combined Federated and Split Learning in Edge Computing for Ubiquitous Intelligence in Internet of Things: State of the Art and Future Directionscited by 14
- 2023FedBone: Towards Large-Scale Federated Multi-Task Learningcited by 14
- 2023DYNAMITE: Dynamic Interplay of Mini-Batch Size and Aggregation Frequency for Federated Learning with Static and Streaming Datasetcited by 14
50 most cited of 267 All 267 (JSON)
- 2026Learning to Sync at the Edge: Client-Side Adaptive Synchronization for Federated Learning9 Oct 2026
- 2026Over-the-Air Federated Learning in Heterogeneous Mobile Wireless Networks26 Sep 2026
- 2026HybridFLow: SDN-Orchestrated Client Partitioning for Hybrid Federated Learning9 Sep 2026
- 2026NEXUS-MI: Communication-Aware Federated Personalization for Gateway-Coordinated Motor-Imagery Brain-Computer Interfaces9 Sep 2026
- 2026Resilience Beyond Stationary Client Unavailability: Unlocking Efficient and Unbiased Federated Learning4 Sep 2026
- 2026Model-Consistent Byzantine-Resilient Decentralized Federated Learning for Collaborative Missions23 Aug 2026
- 2026Robust Federated Learning Under Real-World Client Churn8 Jul 2026
- 2026Entropy-Guided Tensor Compression for Multimodal Federated Learning on Edge Devices7 Jul 2026
- 2026TL++: Accuracy and Privacy Preserving Traversal Learning for Distributed Intelligent Systems24 Jun 2026
- 2026Clipping Makes Distributed and Federated Asynchronous SGD Robust to Stragglers11 Jun 2026
- 2026FedSteer: Taming Extreme Gradient Staleness in Federated Learning with Corrective Projections and Caching8 Jun 2026
- 2026AlignFed: Alignment-Aware Asynchronous Federated Fine-Tuning for Large Language Models in Heterogeneous Edge Environments6 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026Rescaled Asynchronous SGD: Optimal Distributed Optimization under Data and System Heterogeneity13 May 2026
- 2026Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning: Integrating Zero-Knowledge Proofs in Scalable Distributed Architectures4 May 2026
- 2026FedQueue: Queue-Aware Federated Learning for Cross-Facility HPC Training4 May 2026
- 2026Asynchronous Federated Unlearning with Invariance Calibration for Medical Imaging29 Apr 2026
- 2026On-Orbit Space AI: Federated, Multi-Agent, and Collaborative Algorithms for Satellite Constellations15 Apr 2026
- 2026SecureAFL: Secure Asynchronous Federated Learning4 Apr 2026
- 2026Optimization Trade-offs in Asynchronous Federated Learning: A Stochastic Networks Approach27 Mar 2026
- 2026Scalable Cross-Facility Federated Learning for Scientific Foundation Models on Multiple Supercomputers20 Mar 2026
- 2026SCOPE: Semantic Coreset with Orthogonal Projection Embeddings for Federated learning13 Mar 2026
- 2026FedACT: Concurrent Federated Intelligence across Heterogeneous Data Sources11 Mar 2026
- 2026Revisiting Gradient Staleness: Evaluating Distance Metrics for Asynchronous Federated Learning Aggregation9 Mar 2026
- 2026Benchmarking Federated Learning in Edge Computing Environments: A Systematic Review and Performance Evaluation24 Feb 2026
- 2026Asynchronous Heavy-Tailed Optimization20 Feb 2026
- 2026FedPSA: Modeling Behavioral Staleness in Asynchronous Federated Learning17 Feb 2026
- 2026Stabilizing Decentralized Federated Fine-Tuning via Topology-Aware Alternating LoRA31 Jan 2026
- 2026Federate the Router: Learning Language Model Routers with Sparse and Decentralized Evaluations29 Jan 2026
- 2026Distributed Perceptron under Bounded Staleness, Partial Participation, and Noisy Communication15 Jan 2026
- 2025Personalized Federated Distillation Assisted Vehicle Edge Caching Strategy10 Dec 2025
- 2025Efficient Asynchronous Federated Evaluation with Strategy Similarity Awareness for Intent-Based Networking in Industrial Internet of Things28 Nov 2025
- 2025Stragglers Can Contribute More: Uncertainty-Aware Distillation for Asynchronous Federated Learning25 Nov 2025
- 2025ADF-LoRA: Alternating Low-Rank Aggregation for Decentralized Federated Fine-Tuning23 Nov 2025
- 2025SMoFi: Step-wise Momentum Fusion for Split Federated Learning on Heterogeneous Data13 Nov 2025
- 2025TT-Prune: Joint Model Pruning and Resource Allocation for Communication-efficient Time-triggered Federated Learning6 Nov 2025
- 2025Reviving Stale Updates: Data-Free Knowledge Distillation for Asynchronous Federated Learning1 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards Straggler-Resilient Split Federated Learning: An Unbalanced Update Approach24 Oct 2025
- 2025Beyond Static Knowledge Messengers: Towards Adaptive, Fair, and Scalable Federated Learning for Medical AI5 Oct 2025
- 2025FTTE: Enabling Federated and Resource-Constrained Deep Edge Intelligence3 Oct 2025
- 2025Scalable Asynchronous Federated Modeling for Spatial Data2 Oct 2025
- 2025Ringleader ASGD: The First Asynchronous SGD with Optimal Time Complexity under Data Heterogeneity26 Sep 2025
- 2025A Large-Scale Web Search Dataset for Federated Online Learning to Rank17 Aug 2025
- 2025Asynchronous Federated Learning with non-convex client objective functions and heterogeneous dataset3 Aug 2025
- 2025DAG-AFL:Directed Acyclic Graph-based Asynchronous Federated Learning28 Jul 2025
- 2025FedSA-GCL: A Semi-Asynchronous Federated Graph Learning Framework with Personalized Aggregation and Cluster-Aware Broadcasting24 Jul 2025
- 2025Optimal Batch-Size Control for Low-Latency Federated Learning with Device Heterogeneity21 Jul 2025
- 2025FedGA: A Fair Federated Learning Framework Based on the Gini Coefficient17 Jul 2025
- 2025Federated Learning in Offline and Online EMG Decoding: A Privacy and Performance Perspective16 Jul 2025
- 2025Efficient Federated Learning with Timely Update Dissemination8 Jul 2025
- 2025Kalman Filter Aided Federated Koopman Learning7 Jul 2025
50 newest of 267 All 267 (JSON)
- 2021Federated Learning with Buffered Asynchronous Aggregationcited by 190
- 2021Papaya: Practical, Private, and Scalable Federated Learningcited by 90
- 2021Federated Learning: Opportunities and Challengescited by 84
- 2021Fast Federated Learning in the Presence of Arbitrary Device Unavailabilitycited by 72
- 2022FedDM: Iterative Distribution Matching for Communication-Efficient Federated Learningcited by 66
- 2021LightSecAgg: a Lightweight and Versatile Design for Secure Aggregation in Federated Learningcited by 64
- 2021FedLab: A Flexible Federated Learning Frameworkcited by 55
- 2022FederatedScope: A Flexible Federated Learning Platform for Heterogeneitycited by 53
- 2021Anarchic Federated Learningcited by 42
- 2022A Survey on Heterogeneous Federated Learningcited by 42
- 2023Federated Learning for Computationally-Constrained Heterogeneous Devices: A Surveycited by 40
- 2023FedSN: A Federated Learning Framework over Heterogeneous LEO Satellite Networkscited by 38
12 most cited of 262 All 262 (JSON)
- 2026Learning to Sync at the Edge: Client-Side Adaptive Synchronization for Federated Learning9 Oct 2026
- 2026Over-the-Air Federated Learning in Heterogeneous Mobile Wireless Networks26 Sep 2026
- 2026HybridFLow: SDN-Orchestrated Client Partitioning for Hybrid Federated Learning9 Sep 2026
- 2026NEXUS-MI: Communication-Aware Federated Personalization for Gateway-Coordinated Motor-Imagery Brain-Computer Interfaces9 Sep 2026
- 2026Resilience Beyond Stationary Client Unavailability: Unlocking Efficient and Unbiased Federated Learning4 Sep 2026
- 2026Model-Consistent Byzantine-Resilient Decentralized Federated Learning for Collaborative Missions23 Aug 2026
- 2026Robust Federated Learning Under Real-World Client Churn8 Jul 2026
- 2026Entropy-Guided Tensor Compression for Multimodal Federated Learning on Edge Devices7 Jul 2026
- 2026TL++: Accuracy and Privacy Preserving Traversal Learning for Distributed Intelligent Systems24 Jun 2026
- 2026Clipping Makes Distributed and Federated Asynchronous SGD Robust to Stragglers11 Jun 2026
- 2026FedSteer: Taming Extreme Gradient Staleness in Federated Learning with Corrective Projections and Caching8 Jun 2026
- 2026AlignFed: Alignment-Aware Asynchronous Federated Fine-Tuning for Large Language Models in Heterogeneous Edge Environments6 Jun 2026
12 newest of 262 All 262 (JSON)