Foreground-aware Image Inpainting
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Abstract (arXiv)
Existing image inpainting methods typically fill holes by borrowing information from surrounding pixels. They often produce unsatisfactory results when the holes overlap with or touch foreground objects due to lack of information about the actual extent of foreground and background regions within the holes. These scenarios, however, are very important in practice, especially for applications such as the removal of distracting objects. To address the problem, we propose a foreground-aware image inpainting system that explicitly disentangles structure inference and content completion. Specifically, our model learns to predict the foreground contour first, and then inpaints the missing region using the predicted contour as guidance. We show that by such disentanglement, the contour completion model predicts reasonable contours of objects, and further substantially improves the performance of image inpainting. Experiments show that our method significantly outperforms existing methods and achieves superior inpainting results on challenging cases with complex compositions.
Key facts. Cited by 90 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Jan 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 27; 2022: 29; 2023: 17; 2024: 10; 2025: 6; 2026: 1.
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- 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 1,419
- 2021Resolution-robust Large Mask Inpainting with Fourier Convolutionscited by 730
- 2021Large Scale Image Completion via Co-Modulated Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 219
- 2022MAT: Mask-Aware Transformer for Large Hole Image Inpaintingcited by 216
- 2021Generating Diverse Structure for Image Inpainting With Hierarchical VQ-VAEcited by 106
- 2021Aggregated Contextual Transformations for High-Resolution Image Inpaintingcited by 89
- 2021PD-GAN: Probabilistic Diverse GAN for Image Inpaintingcited by 80
- 2021Image Inpainting via Conditional Texture and Structure Dual Generationcited by 66
- 2023Uni-paint: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Image Inpainting with Pretrained Diffusion Modelcited by 60
- 2022CM-GAN: Image Inpainting with Cascaded Modulation GAN and Object-Aware Trainingcited by 49
- 2021TransFill: Reference-guided Image Inpainting by Merging Multiple Color and Spatial Transformationscited by 48
- 2024Deep Learning-based Image and Video Inpainting: A Surveycited by 44
38 more
- 2021Image Inpainting by End-to-End Cascaded Refinement with Mask Awarenesscited by 35
- 2024DiffusionEdge: Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Crisp Edge Detectioncited by 33
- 2021SketchEdit: Mask-Free Local Image Manipulation with Partial Sketchescited by 32
- 2021Learning a Sketch Tensor Space for Image Inpainting of Man-made Scenescited by 25
- 2022Keys to Better Image Inpainting: Structure and Texture Go Hand in Handcited by 25
- 2021Image Inpainting with External-internal Learning and Monochromic Bottleneckcited by 21
- 2023Look Ma, No Hands! Agent-Environment Factorization of Egocentric Videoscited by 21
- 2022AutoLink: Self-supervised Learning of Human Skeletons and Object Outlines by Linking Keypointscited by 17
- 2023Gradpaint: Gradient-Guided Inpainting with Diffusion Modelscited by 17
- 2021Layout-Guided Novel View Synthesis from a Single Indoor Panoramacited by 16
- 2023Neural Spline Fields for Burst Image Fusion and Layer Separationcited by 16
- 2021TrajeVAE: Controllable Human Motion Generation from Trajectoriescited by 14
- 2022Delving Globally into Texture and Structure for Image Inpaintingcited by 13
- 2023Learning Image-Adaptive Codebooks for Class-Agnostic Image Restorationcited by 13
- 2023RGI: robust GAN-inversion for mask-free image inpainting and unsupervised pixel-wise anomaly detectioncited by 12
- 2021Deep Video Inpainting Detectioncited by 11
- 2022Scene Graph Expansion for Semantics-Guided Image Outpaintingcited by 11
- 2022Unbiased Multi-Modality Guidance for Image Inpaintingcited by 10
- 2023Delving into Crispness: Guided Label Refinement for Crisp Edge Detectioncited by 10
- 2021Markpainting: Adversarial Machine Learning meets Inpaintingcited by 9
- 2021RewriteNet: Reliable Scene Text Editing with Implicit Decomposition of Text Contents and Stylescited by 9
- 2022GeoFill: Reference-Based Image Inpainting with Better Geometric Understandingcited by 9
- 2022Image Inpainting via Iteratively Decoupled Probabilistic Modelingcited by 9
- 2025LightsOut: Diffusion-based Outpainting for Enhanced Lens Flare Removalcited by 9
- 2021Behind the leaves -- Estimation of occluded grapevine berries with conditional generative adversarial networkscited by 8
- 2022Shape-guided Object Inpaintingcited by 8
- 2025EgoWorld: Translating Exocentric View to Egocentric View using Rich Exocentric Observationscited by 8
- 2021Deep Face Video Inpainting via UV Mappingcited by 7
- 2021Generative Memory-Guided Semantic Reasoning Model for Image Inpaintingcited by 7
- 2024View-consistent Object Removal in Radiance Fieldscited by 7
- 2024Don't Look into the Dark: Latent Codes for Pluralistic Image Inpaintingcited by 6
- 2024FACEMUG: A Multimodal Generative and Fusion Framework for Local Facial Editingcited by 6
- 2022Reference-Guided Texture and Structure Inference for Image Inpaintingcited by 5
- 2023Layout-guided Indoor Panorama Inpainting with Plane-aware Normalizationcited by 5
- 2023TransRef: Multi-Scale Reference Embedding Transformer for Reference-Guided Image Inpaintingcited by 5
- 2021Fully Context-Aware Image Inpainting with a Learned Semantic Pyramidcited by 4
- 2022Do Inpainting Yourself: Generative Facial Inpainting Guided by Exemplarscited by 4
- 2022Contrastive Learning for Diverse Disentangled Foreground Generationcited by 4
50 most cited of 90 All 90 (JSON)
- 2026Transformer-Based Inpainting for Real-Time 3D Streaming in Sparse Multi-Camera Setups5 Mar 2026
- 2025Semantic-Guided Two-Stage GAN for Face Inpainting with Hybrid Perceptual Encoding4 Dec 2025
- 2025LightsOut: Diffusion-based Outpainting for Enhanced Lens Flare Removal17 Oct 2025
- 2025IS-Diff: Improving Diffusion-Based Inpainting with Better Initial Seed15 Sep 2025
- 2025EgoWorld: Translating Exocentric View to Egocentric View using Rich Exocentric Observations22 Jun 2025
- 2025CompleteMe: Reference-based Human Image Completion28 Apr 2025
- 2025High-Fidelity Image Inpainting with Multimodal Guided GAN Inversion17 Apr 2025
- 2024FACEMUG: A Multimodal Generative and Fusion Framework for Local Facial Editing26 Dec 2024
- 2024Deep Generative Adversarial Network for Occlusion Removal from a Single Image20 Sep 2024
- 2024View-consistent Object Removal in Radiance Fields4 Aug 2024
- 2024FaithFill: Faithful Inpainting for Object Completion Using a Single Reference Image12 Jun 2024
- 2024SelfReDepth: Self-Supervised Real-Time Depth Restoration for Consumer-Grade Sensors5 Jun 2024
38 more
- 2024Don't Look into the Dark: Latent Codes for Pluralistic Image Inpainting27 Mar 2024
- 2024Inpainting-Driven Mask Optimization for Object Removal23 Mar 2024
- 2024Panoramic Image Inpainting With Gated Convolution And Contextual Reconstruction Loss5 Feb 2024
- 2024Deep Learning-based Image and Video Inpainting: A Survey7 Jan 2024
- 2024DiffusionEdge: Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Crisp Edge Detection4 Jan 2024
- 2023Neural Spline Fields for Burst Image Fusion and Layer Separation21 Dec 2023
- 2023On Mask-based Image Set Desensitization with Recognition Support14 Dec 2023
- 2023DeepDR: Deep Structure-Aware RGB-D Inpainting for Diminished Reality1 Dec 2023
- 2023Uni-paint: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Image Inpainting with Pretrained Diffusion Model11 Oct 2023
- 2023Gradpaint: Gradient-Guided Inpainting with Diffusion Models18 Sep 2023
- 2023Delving into Crispness: Guided Label Refinement for Crisp Edge Detection27 Jun 2023
- 2023Deep image prior inpainting of ancient frescoes in the Mediterranean Alpine arc25 Jun 2023
- 2023TransRef: Multi-Scale Reference Embedding Transformer for Reference-Guided Image Inpainting20 Jun 2023
- 2023Learning Image-Adaptive Codebooks for Class-Agnostic Image Restoration10 Jun 2023
- 2023Towards Interactive Image Inpainting via Sketch Refinement1 Jun 2023
- 2023Look Ma, No Hands! Agent-Environment Factorization of Egocentric Videos25 May 2023
- 2023Multi-stage Progressive Reasoning for Dunhuang Murals Inpainting10 May 2023
- 2023GRIG: Few-Shot Generative Residual Image Inpainting24 Apr 2023
- 2023ImageEye: Batch Image Processing Using Program Synthesis6 Apr 2023
- 2023Synthesizing Anyone, Anywhere, in Any Pose6 Apr 2023
- 2023RGI: robust GAN-inversion for mask-free image inpainting and unsupervised pixel-wise anomaly detection24 Feb 2023
- 2023Layout-guided Indoor Panorama Inpainting with Plane-aware Normalization13 Jan 2023
- 2022Learning Representations for Masked Facial Recovery28 Dec 2022
- 2022Structure-Guided Image Completion with Image-level and Object-level Semantic Discriminators13 Dec 2022
- 2022Image Inpainting via Iteratively Decoupled Probabilistic Modeling6 Dec 2022
- 2022Learning Visual Planning Models from Partially Observed Images25 Nov 2022
- 2022A Structure-Guided Diffusion Model for Large-Hole Image Completion18 Nov 2022
- 2022LightDepth: A Resource Efficient Depth Estimation Approach for Dealing with Ground Truth Sparsity via Curriculum Learning16 Nov 2022
- 2022Line Drawing Guided Progressive Inpainting of Mural Damage12 Nov 2022
- 20223DFill:Reference-guided Image Inpainting by Self-supervised 3D Image Alignment9 Nov 2022
- 2022Contrastive Learning for Diverse Disentangled Foreground Generation4 Nov 2022
- 2022AMICO: Amodal Instance Composition11 Oct 2022
- 2022Progressive with Purpose: Guiding Progressive Inpainting DNNs through Context and Structure21 Sep 2022
- 2022Delving Globally into Texture and Structure for Image Inpainting17 Sep 2022
- 2022Unbiased Multi-Modality Guidance for Image Inpainting25 Aug 2022
- 2022Keys to Better Image Inpainting: Structure and Texture Go Hand in Hand5 Aug 2022
- 2022Reference-Guided Texture and Structure Inference for Image Inpainting29 Jul 2022
- 2022Wavelet Prior Attention Learning in Axial Inpainting Network7 Jun 2022
50 newest of 90 All 90 (JSON)
- 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 1,419
- 2023Uni-paint: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Image Inpainting with Pretrained Diffusion Modelcited by 60
- 2024DiffusionEdge: Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Crisp Edge Detectioncited by 33
- 2023Look Ma, No Hands! Agent-Environment Factorization of Egocentric Videoscited by 21
- 2023Gradpaint: Gradient-Guided Inpainting with Diffusion Modelscited by 17
- 2025IS-Diff: Improving Diffusion-Based Inpainting with Better Initial Seedcited by 2
- 2022A Structure-Guided Diffusion Model for Large-Hole Image Completioncited by 1
- 2025IS-Diff: Improving Diffusion-Based Inpainting with Better Initial Seed15 Sep 2025
- 2024DiffusionEdge: Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Crisp Edge Detection4 Jan 2024
- 2023Uni-paint: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Image Inpainting with Pretrained Diffusion Model11 Oct 2023
- 2023Gradpaint: Gradient-Guided Inpainting with Diffusion Models18 Sep 2023
- 2023Look Ma, No Hands! Agent-Environment Factorization of Egocentric Videos25 May 2023
- 2022A Structure-Guided Diffusion Model for Large-Hole Image Completion18 Nov 2022
- 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models24 Jan 2022
- 2021Resolution-robust Large Mask Inpainting with Fourier Convolutionscited by 730
- 2021Large Scale Image Completion via Co-Modulated Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 219
- 2022MAT: Mask-Aware Transformer for Large Hole Image Inpaintingcited by 216
- 2021Generating Diverse Structure for Image Inpainting With Hierarchical VQ-VAEcited by 106
- 2021Aggregated Contextual Transformations for High-Resolution Image Inpaintingcited by 89
- 2021PD-GAN: Probabilistic Diverse GAN for Image Inpaintingcited by 80
- 2021Image Inpainting via Conditional Texture and Structure Dual Generationcited by 66
- 2022CM-GAN: Image Inpainting with Cascaded Modulation GAN and Object-Aware Trainingcited by 49
- 2021TransFill: Reference-guided Image Inpainting by Merging Multiple Color and Spatial Transformationscited by 48
- 2024Deep Learning-based Image and Video Inpainting: A Surveycited by 44
- 2021Image Inpainting by End-to-End Cascaded Refinement with Mask Awarenesscited by 35
- 2021SketchEdit: Mask-Free Local Image Manipulation with Partial Sketchescited by 32
12 most cited of 82 All 82 (JSON)
- 2026Transformer-Based Inpainting for Real-Time 3D Streaming in Sparse Multi-Camera Setups5 Mar 2026
- 2025Semantic-Guided Two-Stage GAN for Face Inpainting with Hybrid Perceptual Encoding4 Dec 2025
- 2025LightsOut: Diffusion-based Outpainting for Enhanced Lens Flare Removal17 Oct 2025
- 2025EgoWorld: Translating Exocentric View to Egocentric View using Rich Exocentric Observations22 Jun 2025
- 2025CompleteMe: Reference-based Human Image Completion28 Apr 2025
- 2025High-Fidelity Image Inpainting with Multimodal Guided GAN Inversion17 Apr 2025
- 2024FACEMUG: A Multimodal Generative and Fusion Framework for Local Facial Editing26 Dec 2024
- 2024Deep Generative Adversarial Network for Occlusion Removal from a Single Image20 Sep 2024
- 2024View-consistent Object Removal in Radiance Fields4 Aug 2024
- 2024FaithFill: Faithful Inpainting for Object Completion Using a Single Reference Image12 Jun 2024
- 2024SelfReDepth: Self-Supervised Real-Time Depth Restoration for Consumer-Grade Sensors5 Jun 2024
- 2024Don't Look into the Dark: Latent Codes for Pluralistic Image Inpainting27 Mar 2024
12 newest of 82 All 82 (JSON)