mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

On the End-to-End Solution to Mandarin-English Code-switching Speech Recognition

arXiv 1811.00241 ↗First posted 1 Nov 2018cs.CLcited by 30

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Abstract (arXiv)

Code-switching (CS) refers to a linguistic phenomenon where a speaker uses different languages in an utterance or between alternating utterances. In this work, we study end-to-end (E2E) approaches to the Mandarin-English code-switching speech recognition (CSSR) task. We first examine the effectiveness of using data augmentation and byte-pair encoding (BPE) subword units. More importantly, we propose a multitask learning recipe, where a language identification task is explicitly learned in addition to the E2E speech recognition task. Furthermore, we introduce an efficient word vocabulary expansion method for language modeling to alleviate data sparsity issues under the code-switching scenario. Experimental results on the SEAME data, a Mandarin-English CS corpus, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Nov 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 10; 2023: 4; 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2024Mamba in Speech: Towards an Alternative to Self-Attentioncited by 60
  2. 2022The Decades Progress on Code-Switching Research in NLP: A Systematic Survey on Trends and Challengescited by 35
  3. 2022End-to-End Speech Translation for Code Switched Speechcited by 26
  4. 2022Streaming End-to-End Multilingual Speech Recognition with Joint Language Identificationcited by 24
  5. 2022Language-specific Characteristic Assistance for Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 20
  6. 2021Investigations on Speech Recognition Systems for Low-Resource Dialectal Arabic-English Code-Switching Speechcited by 15
  7. 2022Towards Zero-Shot Code-Switched Speech Recognitioncited by 15
  8. 2023Code-Switching Text Generation and Injection in Mandarin-English ASRcited by 11
  9. 2023Multilingual self-supervised speech representations improve the speech recognition of low-resource African languages with codeswitchingcited by 11
  10. 2021Mandarin-English Code-switching Speech Recognition with Self-supervised Speech Representation Modelscited by 9
  11. 2022A Language Agnostic Multilingual Streaming On-Device ASR Systemcited by 9
  12. 2021Non-autoregressive Mandarin-English Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 8
18 more
  1. 2024An Effective Mixture-Of-Experts Approach For Code-Switching Speech Recognition Leveraging Encoder Disentanglementcited by 8
  2. 2022Language-agnostic Code-Switching in Sequence-To-Sequence Speech Recognitioncited by 7
  3. 2021ATCSpeechNet: A multilingual end-to-end speech recognition framework for air traffic control systemscited by 6
  4. 2022Attentive Temporal Pooling for Conformer-based Streaming Language Identification in Long-form Speechcited by 6
  5. 2023LAE-ST-MoE: Boosted Language-Aware Encoder Using Speech Translation Auxiliary Task for E2E Code-switching ASRcited by 6
  6. 2022Internal Language Model Estimation based Language Model Fusion for Cross-Domain Code-Switching Speech Recognitioncited by 5
  7. 2024Leave No Knowledge Behind During Knowledge Distillation: Towards Practical and Effective Knowledge Distillation for Code-Switching ASR Using Realistic Datacited by 5
  8. 2021A Study of Multilingual End-to-End Speech Recognition for Kazakh, Russian, and Englishcited by 4
  9. 2021Integrating Knowledge in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition for Mandarin-English Code-Switchingcited by 4
  10. 2025Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 4
  11. 2023UML: A Universal Monolingual Output Layer for Multilingual ASRcited by 3
  12. 2022Monolingual Recognizers Fusion for Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 2
  13. 2025AdaCS: Adaptive Normalization for Enhanced Code-Switching ASRcited by 2
  14. 2026Direct Preference Optimization for English-Mandarin Code-Switching Speech Recognition in Audio LLMscited by 2
  15. 2024Romanization Encoding For Multilingual ASRcited by 1
  16. 2025TSPC: A Two-Stage Phoneme-Centric Architecture for code-switching Vietnamese-English Speech Recognitioncited by 0
  17. 2026Contrastive Training with LLM-generated Near-Misses for Robust Code-Switching Speech Recognitioncited by 0
  18. 2026The Exact Worst-Case Tail Probability under Bounded Kurtosiscited by 0