Multilingual self-supervised speech representations improve the speech recognition of low-resource African languages with codeswitching
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Abstract (arXiv)
While many speakers of low-resource languages regularly code-switch between their languages and other regional languages or English, datasets of codeswitched speech are too small to train bespoke acoustic models from scratch or do language model rescoring. Here we propose finetuning self-supervised speech representations such as wav2vec 2.0 XLSR to recognize code-switched data. We find that finetuning self-supervised multilingual representations and augmenting them with n-gram language models trained from transcripts reduces absolute word error rates by up to 20% compared to baselines of hybrid models trained from scratch on code-switched data. Our findings suggest that in circumstances with limited training data finetuning self-supervised representations is a better performing and viable solution.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Nov 2023.
Builds on
6 of 20 references.
References · 6
- 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,853
- 2020Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning for Speech Recognitioncited by 496
- 2018On the End-to-End Solution to Mandarin-English Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 30
- 2018Towards End-to-End Code-Switching Speech Recognitioncited by 17
- 2018Towards End-to-end Automatic Code-Switching Speech Recognitioncited by 4
- 2019Code-Switching Detection Using ASR-Generated Language Posteriorscited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.
11 papers.
- 2025The NaijaVoices Dataset: Cultivating Large-Scale, High-Quality, Culturally-Rich Speech Data for African Languagescited by 7
- 2024SC-MoE: Switch Conformer Mixture of Experts for Unified Streaming and Non-streaming Code-Switching ASRcited by 6
- 2025Improving Cross-Lingual Phonetic Representation of Low-Resource Languages Through Language Similarity Analysiscited by 5
- 2025Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 4
- 2024CAMEL: Cross-Attention Enhanced Mixture-of-Experts and Language Bias for Code-Switching Speech Recognitioncited by 3
- 2025SAGE: Spliced-Audio Generated Data for Enhancing Foundational Models in Low-Resource Arabic-English Code-Switched Speech Recognitioncited by 2
- 2025How much speech data is necessary for ASR in African languages? An evaluation of data scaling in Kinyarwanda and Kikuyucited by 2
- 2026AfroScope: A Framework for Studying the Linguistic Landscape of Africacited by 0
- 2026Neither Here Nor There: Cross-Lingual Representation Dynamics of Code-Mixed Text in Multilingual Encoderscited by 0
- 2026Tone-Conditioned Curriculum Learning for Low-Resource Bantu Speech Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026AfriSwitch: A Benchmark for In-the-Wild African Code-Switched Speech Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026AfriSwitch: A Benchmark for In-the-Wild African Code-Switched Speech Recognition26 Aug 2026
- 2026Tone-Conditioned Curriculum Learning for Low-Resource Bantu Speech Recognition30 Jun 2026
- 2026Neither Here Nor There: Cross-Lingual Representation Dynamics of Code-Mixed Text in Multilingual Encoders20 Mar 2026
- 2026AfroScope: A Framework for Studying the Linguistic Landscape of Africa19 Jan 2026
- 2025How much speech data is necessary for ASR in African languages? An evaluation of data scaling in Kinyarwanda and Kikuyu8 Oct 2025
- 2025Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review10 Jul 2025
- 2025SAGE: Spliced-Audio Generated Data for Enhancing Foundational Models in Low-Resource Arabic-English Code-Switched Speech Recognition27 Jun 2025
- 2025The NaijaVoices Dataset: Cultivating Large-Scale, High-Quality, Culturally-Rich Speech Data for African Languages26 May 2025
- 2025Improving Cross-Lingual Phonetic Representation of Low-Resource Languages Through Language Similarity Analysis12 Jan 2025
- 2024CAMEL: Cross-Attention Enhanced Mixture-of-Experts and Language Bias for Code-Switching Speech Recognition17 Dec 2024
- 2024SC-MoE: Switch Conformer Mixture of Experts for Unified Streaming and Non-streaming Code-Switching ASR26 Jun 2024