mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LAE-ST-MoE: Boosted Language-Aware Encoder Using Speech Translation Auxiliary Task for E2E Code-switching ASR

arXiv 2309.16178 ↗First posted 28 Sep 2023cs.SD eess.AScited by 6

On the map: Mixture-of-experts → Multimodal MoE models

Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, to mitigate the confusion between different languages in code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR), the conditionally factorized models, such as the language-aware encoder (LAE), explicitly disregard the contextual information between different languages. However, this information may be helpful for ASR modeling. To alleviate this issue, we propose the LAE-ST-MoE framework. It incorporates speech translation (ST) tasks into LAE and utilizes ST to learn the contextual information between different languages. It introduces a task-based mixture of expert modules, employing separate feed-forward networks for the ASR and ST tasks. Experimental results on the ASRU 2019 Mandarin-English CS challenge dataset demonstrate that, compared to the LAE-based CTC, the LAE-ST-MoE model achieves a 9.26% mix error reduction on the CS test with the same decoding parameter. Moreover, the well-trained LAE-ST-MoE model can perform ST tasks from CS speech to Mandarin or English text.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal MoE models, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts. Builds on 33 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Sep 2023.

Builds on

33 of 43 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Language-Routing Mixture of Experts for Multilingual and Code-Switching Speech Recognition12 Jul
  2. 2021SpeechMoE: Scaling to Large Acoustic Models with Dynamic Routing Mixture of Experts7 May

Other references · 31

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
  3. 2015Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Unitscited by 2,898
  4. 2020Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognitioncited by 1,838
  5. 2018A Call for Clarity in Reporting BLEU Scorescited by 1,790
  6. 2019SpecAugment: A Simple Data Augmentation Method for Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 1,355
  7. 2018ESPnet: End-to-End Speech Processing Toolkitcited by 554
  8. 2015Listen, Attend and Spellcited by 542
  9. 2016Joint CTC-Attention based End-to-End Speech Recognition using Multi-task Learningcited by 254
  10. 2021WeNet: Production oriented Streaming and Non-streaming End-to-End Speech Recognition Toolkitcited by 123
  11. 2020The ASRU 2019 Mandarin-English Code-Switching Speech Recognition Challenge: Open Datasets, Tracks, Methods and Resultscited by 43
  12. 2023MoLE : Mixture of Language Experts for Multi-Lingual Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 31
19 more
  1. 2018On the End-to-End Solution to Mandarin-English Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 30
  2. 2022Reducing Language confusion for Code-switching Speech Recognition with Token-level Language Diarizationcited by 28
  3. 2022LAE: Language-Aware Encoder for Monolingual and Multilingual ASRcited by 21
  4. 2020Data Augmentation for End-to-end Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 20
  5. 2022Language-specific Characteristic Assistance for Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 20
  6. 2021Arabic Code-Switching Speech Recognition using Monolingual Datacited by 17
  7. 2021Joint Modeling of Code-Switched and Monolingual ASR via Conditional Factorizationcited by 17
  8. 2019End-to-End Code-Switching ASR for Low-Resourced Language Pairscited by 15
  9. 2022Towards Zero-Shot Code-Switched Speech Recognitioncited by 15
  10. 2022Learning to Generalize to More: Continuous Semantic Augmentation for Neural Machine Translationcited by 13
  11. 2023Code-Switching Text Generation and Injection in Mandarin-English ASRcited by 10
  12. 2021Minimum word error training for non-autoregressive Transformer-based code-switching ASRcited by 9
  13. 2021Non-autoregressive Mandarin-English Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 8
  14. 2022Leveraging Phone Mask Training for Phonetic-Reduction-Robust E2E Uyghur Speech Recognitioncited by 6
  15. 2020Monolingual Data Selection Analysis for English-Mandarin Hybrid Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 5
  16. 2022Optimizing Bilingual Neural Transducer with Synthetic Code-switching Text Generationcited by 5
  17. 2022Improving CTC-based ASR Models with Gated Interlayer Collaborationcited by 4
  18. 2021PM-MMUT: Boosted Phone-Mask Data Augmentation using Multi-Modeling Unit Training for Phonetic-Reduction-Robust E2E Speech Recognitioncited by 3
  19. 2022A Policy-based Approach to the SpecAugment Method for Low Resource E2E ASRcited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Towards Fine-Grained Code-Switch Speech Translation with Semantic Space Alignment
  2. 2024CAMEL: Cross-Attention Enhanced Mixture-of-Experts and Language Bias for Code-Switching Speech Recognition
  3. 2024Enhancing Code-Switching ASR Leveraging Non-Peaky CTC Loss and Deep Language Posterior Injection
  4. 2024An Effective Mixture-Of-Experts Approach For Code-Switching Speech Recognition Leveraging Encoder Disentanglement
  5. 2023BA-MoE: Boundary-Aware Mixture-of-Experts Adapter for Code-Switching Speech Recognition
  6. 2024LA-RAG:Enhancing LLM-based ASR Accuracy with Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  7. 2024Boosting Code-Switching ASR with Mixture of Experts Enhanced Speech-Conditioned LLM
  8. 2024Dynamic Language Group-Based MoE: Enhancing Code-Switching Speech Recognition with Hierarchical Routing