LAE-ST-MoE: Boosted Language-Aware Encoder Using Speech Translation Auxiliary Task for E2E Code-switching ASR
On the map: Mixture-of-experts → Multimodal MoE models
Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, to mitigate the confusion between different languages in code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR), the conditionally factorized models, such as the language-aware encoder (LAE), explicitly disregard the contextual information between different languages. However, this information may be helpful for ASR modeling. To alleviate this issue, we propose the LAE-ST-MoE framework. It incorporates speech translation (ST) tasks into LAE and utilizes ST to learn the contextual information between different languages. It introduces a task-based mixture of expert modules, employing separate feed-forward networks for the ASR and ST tasks. Experimental results on the ASRU 2019 Mandarin-English CS challenge dataset demonstrate that, compared to the LAE-based CTC, the LAE-ST-MoE model achieves a 9.26% mix error reduction on the CS test with the same decoding parameter. Moreover, the well-trained LAE-ST-MoE model can perform ST tasks from CS speech to Mandarin or English text.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal MoE models, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts. Builds on 33 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Sep 2023.
Builds on
33 of 43 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Language-Routing Mixture of Experts for Multilingual and Code-Switching Speech Recognition12 Jul
- 2021SpeechMoE: Scaling to Large Acoustic Models with Dynamic Routing Mixture of Experts7 May
Other references · 31
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
- 2015Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Unitscited by 2,898
- 2020Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognitioncited by 1,838
- 2018A Call for Clarity in Reporting BLEU Scorescited by 1,790
- 2019SpecAugment: A Simple Data Augmentation Method for Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 1,355
- 2018ESPnet: End-to-End Speech Processing Toolkitcited by 554
- 2015Listen, Attend and Spellcited by 542
- 2016Joint CTC-Attention based End-to-End Speech Recognition using Multi-task Learningcited by 254
- 2021WeNet: Production oriented Streaming and Non-streaming End-to-End Speech Recognition Toolkitcited by 123
- 2020The ASRU 2019 Mandarin-English Code-Switching Speech Recognition Challenge: Open Datasets, Tracks, Methods and Resultscited by 43
- 2023MoLE : Mixture of Language Experts for Multi-Lingual Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 31
19 more
- 2018On the End-to-End Solution to Mandarin-English Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 30
- 2022Reducing Language confusion for Code-switching Speech Recognition with Token-level Language Diarizationcited by 28
- 2022LAE: Language-Aware Encoder for Monolingual and Multilingual ASRcited by 21
- 2020Data Augmentation for End-to-end Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 20
- 2022Language-specific Characteristic Assistance for Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 20
- 2021Arabic Code-Switching Speech Recognition using Monolingual Datacited by 17
- 2021Joint Modeling of Code-Switched and Monolingual ASR via Conditional Factorizationcited by 17
- 2019End-to-End Code-Switching ASR for Low-Resourced Language Pairscited by 15
- 2022Towards Zero-Shot Code-Switched Speech Recognitioncited by 15
- 2022Learning to Generalize to More: Continuous Semantic Augmentation for Neural Machine Translationcited by 13
- 2023Code-Switching Text Generation and Injection in Mandarin-English ASRcited by 10
- 2021Minimum word error training for non-autoregressive Transformer-based code-switching ASRcited by 9
- 2021Non-autoregressive Mandarin-English Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 8
- 2022Leveraging Phone Mask Training for Phonetic-Reduction-Robust E2E Uyghur Speech Recognitioncited by 6
- 2020Monolingual Data Selection Analysis for English-Mandarin Hybrid Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 5
- 2022Optimizing Bilingual Neural Transducer with Synthetic Code-switching Text Generationcited by 5
- 2022Improving CTC-based ASR Models with Gated Interlayer Collaborationcited by 4
- 2021PM-MMUT: Boosted Phone-Mask Data Augmentation using Multi-Modeling Unit Training for Phonetic-Reduction-Robust E2E Speech Recognitioncited by 3
- 2022A Policy-based Approach to the SpecAugment Method for Low Resource E2E ASRcited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2024Adapting Whisper for Code-Switching through Encoding Refining and Language-Aware Decodingcited by 7
- 2024SC-MoE: Switch Conformer Mixture of Experts for Unified Streaming and Non-streaming Code-Switching ASRcited by 6
- 2025Can we train ASR systems on Code-switch without real code-switch data? Case study for Singapore's languagescited by 5
- 2025Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 4
- 2025BLR-MoE: Boosted Language-Routing Mixture of Experts for Domain-Robust Multilingual E2E ASRcited by 2
- 2026MoLGE: Mixture of Language Group Experts for Efficient Scaling of Massively Multilingual Speech Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026MoLGE: Mixture of Language Group Experts for Efficient Scaling of Massively Multilingual Speech Recognition27 Jul 2026
- 2025Code-Switching in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition: A Systematic Literature Review10 Jul 2025
- 2025Can we train ASR systems on Code-switch without real code-switch data? Case study for Singapore's languages17 Jun 2025
- 2025BLR-MoE: Boosted Language-Routing Mixture of Experts for Domain-Robust Multilingual E2E ASR22 Jan 2025
- 2024Adapting Whisper for Code-Switching through Encoding Refining and Language-Aware Decoding21 Dec 2024
- 2024SC-MoE: Switch Conformer Mixture of Experts for Unified Streaming and Non-streaming Code-Switching ASR26 Jun 2024
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