Talakat: Bullet Hell Generation through Constrained Map-Elites
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Abstract (arXiv)
We describe a search-based approach to generating new levels for bullet hell games, which are action games characterized by and requiring avoidance of a very large amount of projectiles. Levels are represented using a domain-specific description language, and search in the space defined by this language is performed by a novel variant of the Map-Elites algorithm which incorporates a feasible- infeasible approach to constraint satisfaction. Simulation-based evaluation is used to gauge the fitness of levels, using an agent based on best-first search. The performance of the agent can be tuned according to the two dimensions of strategy and dexterity, making it possible to search for level configurations that require a specific combination of both. As far as we know, this paper describes the first generator for this game genre, and includes several algorithmic innovations.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Jun 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 10; 2023: 5; 2024: 3; 2025: 1; 2026: 2.
26 papers.
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- 2022Deep Surrogate Assisted Generation of Environmentscited by 40
- 2021Generating and Blending Game Levels via Quality-Diversity in the Latent Space of a Variational Autoencodercited by 27
- 2022Covariance Matrix Adaptation MAP-Annealingcited by 24
- 2023Proximal Policy Gradient Arborescence for Quality Diversity Reinforcement Learningcited by 20
- 2022Multi-Objective Quality Diversity Optimizationcited by 18
- 2023Games for Artificial Intelligence Research: A Review and Perspectivescited by 14
- 2022TropeTwist: Trope-based Narrative Structure Generationcited by 8
- 2023Surrogate Assisted Generation of Human-Robot Interaction Scenarioscited by 8
- 2022Quality Diversity Evolutionary Learning of Decision Treescited by 7
- 2021Generating Diverse and Competitive Play-Styles for Strategy Gamescited by 6
- 2022Story Designer: Towards a Mixed-Initiative Tool to Create Narrative Structurescited by 6
- 2024Measuring Diversity of Game Scenarioscited by 5
14 more
- 2025The Procedural Content Generation Benchmark: An Open-source Testbed for Generative Challenges in Gamescited by 5
- 2024Multi-Objective Quality-Diversity for Crystal Structure Predictioncited by 4
- 2022Augmentative Topology Agents For Open-Ended Learningcited by 3
- 2021Exploring open-ended gameplay features with Micro RollerCoaster Tycooncited by 2
- 2021Keiki: Towards Realistic Danmaku Generation via Sequential GANscited by 2
- 2022EvolvingBehavior: Towards Co-Creative Evolution of Behavior Trees for Game NPCscited by 2
- 2023Improving the Data Efficiency of Multi-Objective Quality-Diversity through Gradient Assistance and Crowding Explorationcited by 2
- 2022Illuminating the Space of Enemies Through MAP-Elitescited by 1
- 2022Persona-driven Dominant/Submissive Map (PDSM) Generation for Tutorialscited by 1
- 2024Preference-Conditioned Gradient Variations for Multi-Objective Quality-Diversitycited by 1
- 2021Rinascimento: searching the behaviour space of Splendorcited by 0
- 2023Automated Graph Genetic Algorithm based Puzzle Validation for Faster Game Designcited by 0
- 2026Procedural Generation of First Person Shooter Maps using Map-Elitescited by 0
- 2026Learning Hierarchical Skill Policies with Offline Quality-Diversity Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Learning Hierarchical Skill Policies with Offline Quality-Diversity Reinforcement Learning20 Aug 2026
- 2026Procedural Generation of First Person Shooter Maps using Map-Elites28 May 2026
- 2025The Procedural Content Generation Benchmark: An Open-source Testbed for Generative Challenges in Games27 Mar 2025
- 2024Preference-Conditioned Gradient Variations for Multi-Objective Quality-Diversity19 Nov 2024
- 2024Measuring Diversity of Game Scenarios15 Apr 2024
- 2024Multi-Objective Quality-Diversity for Crystal Structure Prediction25 Mar 2024
- 2023Proximal Policy Gradient Arborescence for Quality Diversity Reinforcement Learning23 May 2023
- 2023Surrogate Assisted Generation of Human-Robot Interaction Scenarios26 Apr 2023
- 2023Games for Artificial Intelligence Research: A Review and Perspectives26 Apr 2023
- 2023Improving the Data Efficiency of Multi-Objective Quality-Diversity through Gradient Assistance and Crowding Exploration24 Feb 2023
- 2023Automated Graph Genetic Algorithm based Puzzle Validation for Faster Game Design17 Feb 2023
- 2022Augmentative Topology Agents For Open-Ended Learning20 Oct 2022
14 more
- 2022Story Designer: Towards a Mixed-Initiative Tool to Create Narrative Structures11 Oct 2022
- 2022EvolvingBehavior: Towards Co-Creative Evolution of Behavior Trees for Game NPCs1 Sep 2022
- 2022Quality Diversity Evolutionary Learning of Decision Trees17 Aug 2022
- 2022Deep Surrogate Assisted Generation of Environments9 Jun 2022
- 2022Covariance Matrix Adaptation MAP-Annealing22 May 2022
- 2022Persona-driven Dominant/Submissive Map (PDSM) Generation for Tutorials11 Apr 2022
- 2022TropeTwist: Trope-based Narrative Structure Generation31 Mar 2022
- 2022Illuminating the Space of Enemies Through MAP-Elites19 Feb 2022
- 2022Multi-Objective Quality Diversity Optimization7 Feb 2022
- 2021Keiki: Towards Realistic Danmaku Generation via Sequential GANs7 Jul 2021
- 2021Rinascimento: searching the behaviour space of Splendor15 Jun 2021
- 2021Exploring open-ended gameplay features with Micro RollerCoaster Tycoon10 May 2021
- 2021Generating Diverse and Competitive Play-Styles for Strategy Games17 Apr 2021
- 2021Generating and Blending Game Levels via Quality-Diversity in the Latent Space of a Variational Autoencoder24 Feb 2021
- 2022Deep Surrogate Assisted Generation of Environmentscited by 40
- 2021Generating and Blending Game Levels via Quality-Diversity in the Latent Space of a Variational Autoencodercited by 27
- 2022Covariance Matrix Adaptation MAP-Annealingcited by 24
- 2023Proximal Policy Gradient Arborescence for Quality Diversity Reinforcement Learningcited by 20
- 2022Multi-Objective Quality Diversity Optimizationcited by 18
- 2023Games for Artificial Intelligence Research: A Review and Perspectivescited by 14
- 2022TropeTwist: Trope-based Narrative Structure Generationcited by 8
- 2023Surrogate Assisted Generation of Human-Robot Interaction Scenarioscited by 8
- 2022Quality Diversity Evolutionary Learning of Decision Treescited by 7
- 2021Generating Diverse and Competitive Play-Styles for Strategy Gamescited by 6
- 2022Story Designer: Towards a Mixed-Initiative Tool to Create Narrative Structurescited by 6
- 2024Measuring Diversity of Game Scenarioscited by 5
12 most cited of 26 All 26 (JSON)
- 2026Learning Hierarchical Skill Policies with Offline Quality-Diversity Reinforcement Learning20 Aug 2026
- 2026Procedural Generation of First Person Shooter Maps using Map-Elites28 May 2026
- 2025The Procedural Content Generation Benchmark: An Open-source Testbed for Generative Challenges in Games27 Mar 2025
- 2024Preference-Conditioned Gradient Variations for Multi-Objective Quality-Diversity19 Nov 2024
- 2024Measuring Diversity of Game Scenarios15 Apr 2024
- 2024Multi-Objective Quality-Diversity for Crystal Structure Prediction25 Mar 2024
- 2023Proximal Policy Gradient Arborescence for Quality Diversity Reinforcement Learning23 May 2023
- 2023Surrogate Assisted Generation of Human-Robot Interaction Scenarios26 Apr 2023
- 2023Games for Artificial Intelligence Research: A Review and Perspectives26 Apr 2023
- 2023Improving the Data Efficiency of Multi-Objective Quality-Diversity through Gradient Assistance and Crowding Exploration24 Feb 2023
- 2023Automated Graph Genetic Algorithm based Puzzle Validation for Faster Game Design17 Feb 2023
- 2022Augmentative Topology Agents For Open-Ended Learning20 Oct 2022
12 newest of 26 All 26 (JSON)