Salient Objects in Clutter: Bringing Salient Object Detection to the Foreground
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Abstract (arXiv)
We provide a comprehensive evaluation of salient object detection (SOD) models. Our analysis identifies a serious design bias of existing SOD datasets which assumes that each image contains at least one clearly outstanding salient object in low clutter. The design bias has led to a saturated high performance for state-of-the-art SOD models when evaluated on existing datasets. The models, however, still perform far from being satisfactory when applied to real-world daily scenes. Based on our analyses, we first identify 7 crucial aspects that a comprehensive and balanced dataset should fulfill. Then, we propose a new high quality dataset and update the previous saliency benchmark. Specifically, our SOC (Salient Objects in Clutter) dataset, includes images with salient and non-salient objects from daily object categories. Beyond object category annotations, each salient image is accompanied by attributes that reflect common challenges in real-world scenes. Finally, we report attribute-based performance assessment on our dataset.
Key facts. Cited by 47 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 19; 2022: 8; 2023: 4; 2024: 8; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.
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- 2022ADBench: Anomaly Detection Benchmarkcited by 230
- 2021Concealed Object Detectioncited by 212
- 2021Camouflaged Object Segmentation with Distraction Miningcited by 151
- 2021Salient Object Detection via Integrity Learningcited by 133
- 2021Uncertainty-aware Joint Salient Object and Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 114
- 2022Highly Accurate Dichotomous Image Segmentationcited by 110
- 2021Kaleido-BERT: Vision-Language Pre-training on Fashion Domaincited by 67
- 2021Fast Camouflaged Object Detection via Edge-based Reversible Re-calibration Networkcited by 42
- 2021Boundary-Aware Segmentation Network for Mobile and Web Applicationscited by 41
- 2021RGB-D Salient Object Detection via 3D Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 36
- 2021Disentangled High Quality Salient Object Detectioncited by 35
- 2024Diving into Underwater: Segment Anything Model Guided Underwater Salient Instance Segmentation and A Large-scale Datasetcited by 33
35 more
- 2021Group Collaborative Learning for Co-Salient Object Detectioncited by 32
- 2021Adaptive Feature Fusion Network for Gaze Tracking in Mobile Tabletscited by 29
- 2024Effectiveness Assessment of Recent Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 29
- 2022SPSN: Superpixel Prototype Sampling Network for RGB-D Salient Object Detectioncited by 26
- 2021Salient Objects in Cluttercited by 19
- 2022Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Salient Object Detection Through Uncertainty-Aware Pseudo-Label Learningcited by 17
- 2023Sketch2Saliency: Learning to Detect Salient Objects from Human Drawingscited by 17
- 2021Attention-guided Image Compression by Deep Reconstruction of Compressive Sensed Saliency Skeletoncited by 16
- 2022Synthetic Data Supervised Salient Object Detectioncited by 15
- 2023Recurrent Multi-scale Transformer for High-Resolution Salient Object Detectioncited by 15
- 2024BA-SAM: Scalable Bias-Mode Attention Mask for Segment Anything Modelcited by 15
- 2025RPCANet++: Deep Interpretable Robust PCA for Sparse Object Segmentationcited by 11
- 2025USIS16K: High-Quality Dataset for Underwater Salient Instance Segmentationcited by 10
- 2021Energy-Based Generative Cooperative Saliency Predictioncited by 8
- 2021FakeMix Augmentation Improves Transparent Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2024Rethinking Detecting Salient and Camouflaged Objects in Unconstrained Scenescited by 7
- 2022View-aware Salient Object Detection for 360deg Omnidirectional Imagecited by 6
- 2024ViDSOD-100: A New Dataset and a Baseline Model for RGB-D Video Salient Object Detectioncited by 6
- 2024Evaluation Study on SAM 2 for Class-agnostic Instance-level Segmentationcited by 5
- 2025A Mutual Learning Method for Salient Object Detection with intertwined Multi-Supervision--Revisedcited by 5
- 2021SHD360: A Benchmark Dataset for Salient Human Detection in 360deg Videoscited by 4
- 2021ASOD60K: An Audio-Induced Salient Object Detection Dataset for Panoramic Videoscited by 3
- 2023FR-Net:A Light-weight FFT Residual Net For Gaze Estimationcited by 3
- 2025Distribution-Specific Learning for Joint Salient and Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 3
- 2022Benchmarking Deep Models for Salient Object Detectioncited by 2
- 2025Object Recognition Datasets and Challenges: A Reviewcited by 2
- 2025Expose Camouflage in the Water: Underwater Camouflaged Instance Segmentation and Datasetcited by 2
- 2021Free Lunch for Co-Saliency Detection: Context Adjustmentcited by 1
- 2021LC3Net: Ladder context correlation complementary network for salient object detectioncited by 1
- 2024Artistic-style text detector and a new Movie-Poster datasetcited by 1
- 2022ImageSubject: A Large-scale Dataset for Subject Detectioncited by 0
- 2023Semantic Segmentation Enhanced Transformer Model for Human Attention Predictioncited by 0
- 2024Patch is Enough: Naturalistic Adversarial Patch against Vision-Language Pre-training Modelscited by 0
- 2026BladeYOLO: Wind Turbine Blade Defect Detection with Limited Annotations and Weak-Saliency Awarenesscited by 0
- 2026MIMONet: Multi-scale Input and Multi-scale Output Network for Salient Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026MIMONet: Multi-scale Input and Multi-scale Output Network for Salient Object Detection26 Aug 2026
- 2026BladeYOLO: Wind Turbine Blade Defect Detection with Limited Annotations and Weak-Saliency Awareness30 Jul 2026
- 2025Expose Camouflage in the Water: Underwater Camouflaged Instance Segmentation and Dataset20 Oct 2025
- 2025A Mutual Learning Method for Salient Object Detection with intertwined Multi-Supervision--Revised21 Sep 2025
- 2025Distribution-Specific Learning for Joint Salient and Camouflaged Object Detection8 Aug 2025
- 2025RPCANet++: Deep Interpretable Robust PCA for Sparse Object Segmentation6 Aug 2025
- 2025Object Recognition Datasets and Challenges: A Review30 Jul 2025
- 2025USIS16K: High-Quality Dataset for Underwater Salient Instance Segmentation24 Jun 2025
- 2024Rethinking Detecting Salient and Camouflaged Objects in Unconstrained Scenes14 Dec 2024
- 2024Patch is Enough: Naturalistic Adversarial Patch against Vision-Language Pre-training Models7 Oct 2024
- 2024Evaluation Study on SAM 2 for Class-agnostic Instance-level Segmentation4 Sep 2024
- 2024Artistic-style text detector and a new Movie-Poster dataset24 Jun 2024
35 more
- 2024ViDSOD-100: A New Dataset and a Baseline Model for RGB-D Video Salient Object Detection18 Jun 2024
- 2024Diving into Underwater: Segment Anything Model Guided Underwater Salient Instance Segmentation and A Large-scale Dataset10 Jun 2024
- 2024Effectiveness Assessment of Recent Large Vision-Language Models7 Mar 2024
- 2024BA-SAM: Scalable Bias-Mode Attention Mask for Segment Anything Model4 Jan 2024
- 2023Recurrent Multi-scale Transformer for High-Resolution Salient Object Detection7 Aug 2023
- 2023FR-Net:A Light-weight FFT Residual Net For Gaze Estimation4 May 2023
- 2023Sketch2Saliency: Learning to Detect Salient Objects from Human Drawings20 Mar 2023
- 2023Semantic Segmentation Enhanced Transformer Model for Human Attention Prediction26 Jan 2023
- 2022Synthetic Data Supervised Salient Object Detection25 Oct 2022
- 2022View-aware Salient Object Detection for 360deg Omnidirectional Image27 Sep 2022
- 2022SPSN: Superpixel Prototype Sampling Network for RGB-D Salient Object Detection16 Jul 2022
- 2022ADBench: Anomaly Detection Benchmark19 Jun 2022
- 2022Highly Accurate Dichotomous Image Segmentation6 Mar 2022
- 2022Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Salient Object Detection Through Uncertainty-Aware Pseudo-Label Learning26 Feb 2022
- 2022Benchmarking Deep Models for Salient Object Detection7 Feb 2022
- 2022ImageSubject: A Large-scale Dataset for Subject Detection9 Jan 2022
- 2021Fast Camouflaged Object Detection via Edge-based Reversible Re-calibration Network5 Nov 2021
- 2021LC3Net: Ladder context correlation complementary network for salient object detection21 Oct 2021
- 2021Disentangled High Quality Salient Object Detection8 Aug 2021
- 2021Free Lunch for Co-Saliency Detection: Context Adjustment4 Aug 2021
- 2021ASOD60K: An Audio-Induced Salient Object Detection Dataset for Panoramic Videos24 Jul 2021
- 2021Energy-Based Generative Cooperative Saliency Prediction25 Jun 2021
- 2021SHD360: A Benchmark Dataset for Salient Human Detection in 360deg Videos24 May 2021
- 2021Salient Objects in Clutter7 May 2021
- 2021Camouflaged Object Segmentation with Distraction Mining21 Apr 2021
- 2021Uncertainty-aware Joint Salient Object and Camouflaged Object Detection6 Apr 2021
- 2021Kaleido-BERT: Vision-Language Pre-training on Fashion Domain30 Mar 2021
- 2021Attention-guided Image Compression by Deep Reconstruction of Compressive Sensed Saliency Skeleton29 Mar 2021
- 2021FakeMix Augmentation Improves Transparent Object Detection24 Mar 2021
- 2021Adaptive Feature Fusion Network for Gaze Tracking in Mobile Tablets20 Mar 2021
- 2021Group Collaborative Learning for Co-Salient Object Detection15 Mar 2021
- 2021Concealed Object Detection20 Feb 2021
- 2021RGB-D Salient Object Detection via 3D Convolutional Neural Networks25 Jan 2021
- 2021Salient Object Detection via Integrity Learning19 Jan 2021
- 2021Boundary-Aware Segmentation Network for Mobile and Web Applications12 Jan 2021
- 2022ADBench: Anomaly Detection Benchmarkcited by 230
- 2021Concealed Object Detectioncited by 212
- 2021Camouflaged Object Segmentation with Distraction Miningcited by 151
- 2021Salient Object Detection via Integrity Learningcited by 133
- 2021Uncertainty-aware Joint Salient Object and Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 114
- 2022Highly Accurate Dichotomous Image Segmentationcited by 110
- 2021Fast Camouflaged Object Detection via Edge-based Reversible Re-calibration Networkcited by 42
- 2021Boundary-Aware Segmentation Network for Mobile and Web Applicationscited by 41
- 2021RGB-D Salient Object Detection via 3D Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 36
- 2021Disentangled High Quality Salient Object Detectioncited by 35
- 2024Diving into Underwater: Segment Anything Model Guided Underwater Salient Instance Segmentation and A Large-scale Datasetcited by 33
- 2021Group Collaborative Learning for Co-Salient Object Detectioncited by 32
12 most cited of 43 All 43 (JSON)
- 2026MIMONet: Multi-scale Input and Multi-scale Output Network for Salient Object Detection26 Aug 2026
- 2025Expose Camouflage in the Water: Underwater Camouflaged Instance Segmentation and Dataset20 Oct 2025
- 2025A Mutual Learning Method for Salient Object Detection with intertwined Multi-Supervision--Revised21 Sep 2025
- 2025Distribution-Specific Learning for Joint Salient and Camouflaged Object Detection8 Aug 2025
- 2025RPCANet++: Deep Interpretable Robust PCA for Sparse Object Segmentation6 Aug 2025
- 2025Object Recognition Datasets and Challenges: A Review30 Jul 2025
- 2025USIS16K: High-Quality Dataset for Underwater Salient Instance Segmentation24 Jun 2025
- 2024Rethinking Detecting Salient and Camouflaged Objects in Unconstrained Scenes14 Dec 2024
- 2024Evaluation Study on SAM 2 for Class-agnostic Instance-level Segmentation4 Sep 2024
- 2024Artistic-style text detector and a new Movie-Poster dataset24 Jun 2024
- 2024ViDSOD-100: A New Dataset and a Baseline Model for RGB-D Video Salient Object Detection18 Jun 2024
- 2024Diving into Underwater: Segment Anything Model Guided Underwater Salient Instance Segmentation and A Large-scale Dataset10 Jun 2024
12 newest of 43 All 43 (JSON)