mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Generalizable Data-free Objective for Crafting Universal Adversarial Perturbations

arXiv 1801.08092 ↗First posted 24 Jan 2018cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 88

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Abstract (arXiv)

Machine learning models are susceptible to adversarial perturbations: small changes to input that can cause large changes in output. It is also demonstrated that there exist input-agnostic perturbations, called universal adversarial perturbations, which can change the inference of target model on most of the data samples. However, existing methods to craft universal perturbations are (i) task specific, (ii) require samples from the training data distribution, and (iii) perform complex optimizations. Additionally, because of the data dependence, fooling ability of the crafted perturbations is proportional to the available training data. In this paper, we present a novel, generalizable and data-free approaches for crafting universal adversarial perturbations. Independent of the underlying task, our objective achieves fooling via corrupting the extracted features at multiple layers. Therefore, the proposed objective is generalizable to craft image-agnostic perturbations across multiple vision tasks such as object recognition, semantic segmentation, and depth estimation. In the practical setting of black-box attack scenario (when the attacker does not have access to the target model and it's training data), we show that our objective outperforms the data dependent objectives to fool the learned models. Further, via exploiting simple priors related to the data distribution, our objective remarkably boosts the fooling ability of the crafted perturbations. Significant fooling rates achieved by our objective emphasize that the current deep learning models are now at an increased risk, since our objective generalizes across multiple tasks without the requirement of training data for crafting the perturbations. To encourage reproducible research, we have released the codes for our proposed algorithm.

Key facts. Cited by 88 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Jan 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 29; 2022: 12; 2023: 18; 2024: 15; 2025: 8; 2026: 6.

88 papers.

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  1. 2021Domain Impression: A Source Data Free Domain Adaptation Methodcited by 91
  2. 2021RobustART: Benchmarking Robustness on Architecture Design and Training Techniquescited by 78
  3. 2022Frequency-driven Imperceptible Adversarial Attack on Semantic Similaritycited by 76
  4. 2021On Generating Transferable Targeted Perturbationscited by 65
  5. 2021A Survey On Universal Adversarial Attackcited by 59
  6. 2021CMUA-Watermark: A Cross-Model Universal Adversarial Watermark for Combating Deepfakescited by 54
  7. 2024One Perturbation is Enough: On Generating Universal Adversarial Perturbations against Vision-Language Pre-training Modelscited by 39
  8. 2023Downstream-agnostic Adversarial Examplescited by 32
  9. 2024DarkSAM: Fooling Segment Anything Model to Segment Nothingcited by 32
  10. 2021Position, Padding and Predictions: A Deeper Look at Position Information in CNNscited by 26
  11. 2022OPOM: Customized Invisible Cloak towards Face Privacy Protectioncited by 22
  12. 2025X-Transfer Attacks: Towards Super Transferable Adversarial Attacks on CLIPcited by 21
38 more
  1. 2021Meta Adversarial Training against Universal Patchescited by 19
  2. 2023Attacks in Adversarial Machine Learning: A Systematic Survey from the Life-cycle Perspectivecited by 19
  3. 2023A Survey of Robustness and Safety of 2D and 3D Deep Learning Models Against Adversarial Attackscited by 19
  4. 2021Stereoscopic Universal Perturbations across Different Architectures and Datasetscited by 17
  5. 2021Adversarial Reinforced Instruction Attacker for Robust Vision-Language Navigationcited by 15
  6. 2021Universal Spectral Adversarial Attacks for Deformable Shapescited by 14
  7. 2021Universal Adversarial Training with Class-Wise Perturbationscited by 13
  8. 2022Versatile Weight Attack via Flipping Limited Bitscited by 13
  9. 2021The Vulnerability of Semantic Segmentation Networks to Adversarial Attacks in Autonomous Driving: Enhancing Extensive Environment Sensingcited by 12
  10. 2023Towards Reliable Evaluation and Fast Training of Robust Semantic Segmentation Modelscited by 12
  11. 2024Exploiting Vision Encoder Vulnerabilities for Universal Adversarial Perturbations on Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 11
  12. 2021When and How to Fool Explainable Models (and Humans) with Adversarial Examplescited by 10
  13. 2021A Simple and Strong Baseline for Universal Targeted Attacks on Siamese Visual Trackingcited by 9
  14. 2023Breaking Temporal Consistency: Generating Video Universal Adversarial Perturbations Using Image Modelscited by 8
  15. 2021Mining Data Impressions from Deep Models as Substitute for the Unavailable Training Datacited by 7
  16. 2021Performance Evaluation of Adversarial Attacks: Discrepancies and Solutionscited by 7
  17. 2021SegMix: Co-occurrence Driven Mixup for Semantic Segmentation and Adversarial Robustnesscited by 7
  18. 2022DST: Dynamic Substitute Training for Data-free Black-box Attackcited by 7
  19. 2026Universal Image Immunization against Diffusion-based Image Editing via Semantic Injectioncited by 7
  20. 2021Real-time Detection of Practical Universal Adversarial Perturbationscited by 6
  21. 2023SoK: Pitfalls in Evaluating Black-Box Attackscited by 6
  22. 2024Nearly Zero-Cost Protection Against Mimicry by Personalized Diffusion Modelscited by 6
  23. 2021Sensor Adversarial Traits: Analyzing Robustness of 3D Object Detection Sensor Fusion Modelscited by 5
  24. 2022Aligning Silhouette Topology for Self-Adaptive 3D Human Pose Recoverycited by 5
  25. 2022Scale-free and Task-agnostic Attack: Generating Photo-realistic Adversarial Patterns with Patch Quilting Generatorcited by 5
  26. 2023A Comprehensive Study on the Robustness of Image Classification and Object Detection in Remote Sensing: Surveying and Benchmarkingcited by 5
  27. 2023A Review of Adversarial Attacks in Computer Visioncited by 5
  28. 2023Segment (Almost) Nothing: Prompt-Agnostic Adversarial Attacks on Segmentation Modelscited by 5
  29. 2024Segment-Anything Models Achieve Zero-shot Robustness in Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
  30. 2021Effective Universal Unrestricted Adversarial Attacks using a MOE Approachcited by 4
  31. 2021MISA: Online Defense of Trojaned Models using Misattributionscited by 4
  32. 2021MINIMAL: Mining Models for Data Free Universal Adversarial Triggerscited by 4
  33. 2021Thundernna: a white box adversarial attackcited by 4
  34. 2022FG-UAP: Feature-Gathering Universal Adversarial Perturbationcited by 4
  35. 2023SAM Meets UAP: Attacking Segment Anything Model With Universal Adversarial Perturbationcited by 4
  36. 2023AdvCloak: Customized Adversarial Cloak for Privacy Protectioncited by 4
  37. 2025ETA: Energy-based Test-time Adaptation for Depth Completioncited by 4
  38. 2025Data-free Universal Adversarial Perturbation with Pseudo-semantic Priorcited by 3

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