mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Learning to Ask: Neural Question Generation for Reading Comprehension

arXiv 1705.00106 ↗First posted 29 Apr 2017cs.CL cs.AIcited by 186

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Abstract (arXiv)

We study automatic question generation for sentences from text passages in reading comprehension. We introduce an attention-based sequence learning model for the task and investigate the effect of encoding sentence- vs. paragraph-level information. In contrast to all previous work, our model does not rely on hand-crafted rules or a sophisticated NLP pipeline; it is instead trainable end-to-end via sequence-to-sequence learning. Automatic evaluation results show that our system significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art rule-based system. In human evaluations, questions generated by our system are also rated as being more natural (i.e., grammaticality, fluency) and as more difficult to answer (in terms of syntactic and lexical divergence from the original text and reasoning needed to answer).

Key facts. Cited by 186 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Apr 2017.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 43; 2022: 56; 2023: 39; 2024: 21; 2025: 21; 2026: 6.

186 papers.

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  1. 2021GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infillingcited by 1,031
  2. 2021The GEM Benchmark: Natural Language Generation, its Evaluation and Metricscited by 239
  3. 2021PAQ: 65 Million Probably-Asked Questions and What You Can Do With Themcited by 200
  4. 2021Retrieving and Reading: A Comprehensive Survey on Open-domain Question Answeringcited by 178
  5. 2022A Survey of Controllable Text Generation using Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 129
  6. 2022Calibrating Sequence likelihood Improves Conditional Language Generationcited by 121
  7. 2021Advances and Challenges in Conversational Recommender Systems: A Surveycited by 118
  8. 2021Improving Question Answering Model Robustness with Synthetic Adversarial Data Generationcited by 79
  9. 2021SpartQA: : A Textual Question Answering Benchmark for Spatial Reasoningcited by 77
  10. 2022Generating Literal and Implied Subquestions to Fact-check Complex Claimscited by 66
  11. 2021Semantic Answer Similarity for Evaluating Question Answering Modelscited by 47
  12. 2021Biomedical Question Answering: A Survey of Approaches and Challengescited by 46
38 more
  1. 2022Towards Visual-Prompt Temporal Answering Grounding in Medical Instructional Videocited by 43
  2. 2022IndicNLG Benchmark: Multilingual Datasets for Diverse NLG Tasks in Indic Languagescited by 42
  3. 2021Attacking Open-domain Question Answering by Injecting Misinformationcited by 41
  4. 2022StoryBuddy: A Human-AI Collaborative Chatbot for Parent-Child Interactive Storytelling with Flexible Parental Involvementcited by 37
  5. 2021Controllable Open-ended Question Generation with A New Question Type Ontologycited by 36
  6. 2023A Comparative Study of AI-Generated (GPT-4) and Human-crafted MCQs in Programming Educationcited by 35
  7. 2021Zero-shot Generalization in Dialog State Tracking through Generative Question Answeringcited by 33
  8. 2021Models in the Loop: Aiding Crowdworkers with Generative Annotation Assistantscited by 31
  9. 2022Learning to Answer Visual Questions from Web Videoscited by 30
  10. 2021MixQG: Neural Question Generation with Mixed Answer Typescited by 28
  11. 2022A Well-Composed Text is Half Done! Composition Sampling for Diverse Conditional Generationcited by 28
  12. 2022Generative Language Models for Paragraph-Level Question Generationcited by 28
  13. 2022Faithfulness in Natural Language Generation: A Systematic Survey of Analysis, Evaluation and Optimization Methodscited by 27
  14. 2022Varifocal Question Generation for Fact-checkingcited by 27
  15. 2021On Training Instance Selection for Few-Shot Neural Text Generationcited by 26
  16. 2021Quiz-Style Question Generation for News Storiescited by 23
  17. 2021It is AI's Turn to Ask Humans a Question: Question-Answer Pair Generation for Children's Story Bookscited by 23
  18. 2022Multiple-Choice Question Generation: Towards an Automated Assessment Frameworkcited by 23
  19. 2025From Passive to Active Reasoning: Can Large Language Models Ask the Right Questions under Incomplete Information?cited by 23
  20. 2021Asking It All: Generating Contextualized Questions for any Semantic Rolecited by 22
  21. 2021Improving Unsupervised Question Answering via Summarization-Informed Question Generationcited by 21
  22. 2022EdgeFormer: A Parameter-Efficient Transformer for On-Device Seq2seq Generationcited by 21
  23. 2023HRVQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark for High-Resolution Aerial Imagescited by 21
  24. 2023Prompting Large Language Models with Chain-of-Thought for Few-Shot Knowledge Base Question Generationcited by 21
  25. 2021Contrastive Domain Adaptation for Question Answering using Limited Text Corporacited by 20
  26. 2022Question Generation for Reading Comprehension Assessment by Modeling How and What to Askcited by 20
  27. 2021ChainCQG: Flow-Aware Conversational Question Generationcited by 19
  28. 2021Question Answering Infused Pre-training of General-Purpose Contextualized Representationscited by 19
  29. 2023Scalable Educational Question Generation with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 19
  30. 2023DPIC: Decoupling Prompt and Intrinsic Characteristics for LLM Generated Text Detectioncited by 18
  31. 2024Text Generation: A Systematic Literature Review of Tasks, Evaluation, and Challengescited by 18
  32. 2021Question Answering Survey: Directions, Challenges, Datasets, Evaluation Matricescited by 17
  33. 2022Selecting Better Samples from Pre-trained LLMs: A Case Study on Question Generationcited by 17
  34. 2022RQUGE: Reference-Free Metric for Evaluating Question Generation by Answering the Questioncited by 17
  35. 2022Socratic Pretraining: Question-Driven Pretraining for Controllable Summarizationcited by 17
  36. 2022Learning to Ask Like a Physiciancited by 16
  37. 2023Generating and Evaluating Tests for K-12 Students with Language Model Simulations: A Case Study on Sentence Reading Efficiencycited by 16
  38. 2022Shortcomings of Question Answering Based Factuality Frameworks for Error Localizationcited by 15

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