A Survey on Neural Question Generation: Methods, Applications, and Prospects
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this survey, we present a detailed examination of the advancements in Neural Question Generation (NQG), a field leveraging neural network techniques to generate relevant questions from diverse inputs like knowledge bases, texts, and images. The survey begins with an overview of NQG's background, encompassing the task's problem formulation, prevalent benchmark datasets, established evaluation metrics, and notable applications. It then methodically classifies NQG approaches into three predominant categories: structured NQG, which utilizes organized data sources, unstructured NQG, focusing on more loosely structured inputs like texts or visual content, and hybrid NQG, drawing on diverse input modalities. This classification is followed by an in-depth analysis of the distinct neural network models tailored for each category, discussing their inherent strengths and potential limitations. The survey culminates with a forward-looking perspective on the trajectory of NQG, identifying emergent research trends and prospective developmental paths. Accompanying this survey is a curated collection of related research papers, datasets and codes, systematically organized on Github, providing an extensive reference for those delving into NQG.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 54 of its 84 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Feb 2024.
Builds on
54 of 84 references.
References · 54
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- 2016NewsQA: A Machine Comprehension Datasetcited by 331
38 more
- 2017Learning to Ask: Neural Question Generation for Reading Comprehensioncited by 186
- 2020Beyond I.I.D.: Three Levels of Generalization for Question Answering on Knowledge Basescited by 171
- 2023Towards LLM-based Fact Verification on News Claims with a Hierarchical Step-by-Step Prompting Methodcited by 97
- 2018Interpretation of Natural Language Rules in Conversational Machine Readingcited by 75
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- 2021JointGT: Graph-Text Joint Representation Learning for Text Generation from Knowledge Graphscited by 58
- 2016Generating Natural Questions About an Imagecited by 56
- 2018Harvesting Paragraph-Level Question-Answer Pairs from Wikipediacited by 49
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- 2023Enhancing Few-shot Text-to-SQL Capabilities of Large Language Models: A Study on Prompt Design Strategiescited by 45
- 2019Recent Advances in Neural Question Generationcited by 42
- 2021Zero-shot Fact Verification by Claim Generationcited by 42
- 2017Visual Question Generation as Dual Task of Visual Question Answeringcited by 41
- 2019Information Maximizing Visual Question Generationcited by 40
- 2020ERNIE-GEN: An Enhanced Multi-Flow Pre-training and Fine-tuning Framework for Natural Language Generationcited by 40
- 2020Semantic Graphs for Generating Deep Questionscited by 38
- 2020Unsupervised Multi-hop Question Answering by Question Generationcited by 38
- 2016Generating Factoid Questions With Recurrent Neural Networks: The 30M Factoid Question-Answer Corpuscited by 33
- 2018Improving Neural Question Generation using Answer Separationcited by 30
- 2023Improving ChatGPT Prompt for Code Generationcited by 28
- 2022Educational Question Generation of Children Storybooks via Question Type Distribution Learning and Event-Centric Summarizationcited by 26
- 2020Toward Subgraph-Guided Knowledge Graph Question Generation with Graph Neural Networkscited by 25
- 2019Cross-Lingual Training for Automatic Question Generationcited by 23
- 2017iVQA: Inverse Visual Question Answeringcited by 22
- 2023Prompting Large Language Models with Chain-of-Thought for Few-Shot Knowledge Base Question Generationcited by 21
- 2020Multi-hop Question Generation with Graph Convolutional Networkcited by 20
- 2019Capturing Greater Context for Question Generationcited by 19
- 2018Zero-Shot Question Generation from Knowledge Graphs for Unseen Predicates and Entity Typescited by 17
- 2022RQUGE: Reference-Free Metric for Evaluating Question Generation by Answering the Questioncited by 17
- 2019Reinforced Dynamic Reasoning for Conversational Question Generationcited by 15
- 2019Improving Question Generation With to the Point Contextcited by 15
- 2020Knowledge-enriched, Type-constrained and Grammar-guided Question Generation over Knowledge Basescited by 9
- 2023Improving Question Generation with Multi-level Content Planningcited by 9
- 2020C3VQG: Category Consistent Cyclic Visual Question Generationcited by 8
- 2022AutoQGS: Auto-Prompt for Low-Resource Knowledge-based Question Generation from SPARQLcited by 8
- 2022CoHS-CQG: Context and History Selection for Conversational Question Generationcited by 8
- 2019Generating Questions for Knowledge Bases via Incorporating Diversified Contexts and Answer-Aware Losscited by 6
- 2023Modeling What-to-ask and How-to-ask for Answer-unaware Conversational Question Generationcited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2025From Recall to Reasoning: Automated Question Generation for Deeper Math Learning through Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025HopWeaver: Cross-Document Synthesis of High-Quality and Authentic Multi-Hop Questionscited by 2
- 2026Beyond Factual QA: Mentorship-Oriented Question Answering over Long-Form Multilingual Contentcited by 1
- 2025FarsiMCQGen: a Persian Multiple-choice Question Generation Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026Towards Researcher Agents for Knowledge-Graph Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026Towards Researcher Agents for Knowledge-Graph Question Answering7 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Factual QA: Mentorship-Oriented Question Answering over Long-Form Multilingual Content23 Jan 2026
- 2025FarsiMCQGen: a Persian Multiple-choice Question Generation Framework16 Oct 2025
- 2025HopWeaver: Cross-Document Synthesis of High-Quality and Authentic Multi-Hop Questions21 May 2025
- 2025From Recall to Reasoning: Automated Question Generation for Deeper Math Learning through Large Language Models17 May 2025