Scalable Educational Question Generation with Pre-trained Language Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
The automatic generation of educational questions will play a key role in scaling online education, enabling self-assessment at scale when a global population is manoeuvring their personalised learning journeys. We develop textitEduQG, a novel educational question generation model built by adapting a large language model. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that textitEduQG can produce superior educational questions by further pre-training and fine-tuning a pre-trained language model on the scientific text and science question data.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 May 2023.
Builds on
14 of 21 references.
References · 14
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2016SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Textcited by 4,115
- 2017Crowdsourcing Multiple Choice Science Questionscited by 742
- 2017Learning to Ask: Neural Question Generation for Reading Comprehensioncited by 186
- 2021BERT, mBERT, or BiBERT? A Study on Contextualized Embeddings for Neural Machine Translationcited by 35
- 2018Soft Layer-Specific Multi-Task Summarization with Entailment and Question Generationcited by 25
- 2019TrueLearn: A Family of Bayesian Algorithms to Match Lifelong Learners to Open Educational Resourcescited by 18
- 2020Simplifying Paragraph-level Question Generation via Transformer Language Modelscited by 12
- 2022Leaf: Multiple-Choice Question Generationcited by 9
- 2021Could AI Democratise Education? Socio-Technical Imaginaries of an EdTech Revolutioncited by 6
- 2020A Question Type Driven and Copy Loss Enhanced Frameworkfor Answer-Agnostic Neural Question Generationcited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 7; 2025: 5; 2026: 5.
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- 2024Automated Educational Question Generation at Different Bloom's Skill Levels using Large Language Models: Strategies and Evaluationcited by 29
- 2023Can We Trust AI-Generated Educational Content? Comparative Analysis of Human and AI-Generated Learning Resourcescited by 12
- 2024An Automatic Question Usability Evaluation Toolkitcited by 9
- 2024Building a Domain-specific Guardrail Model in Productioncited by 6
- 2024Large Language Models Meet User Interfaces: The Case of Provisioning Feedbackcited by 4
- 2024MathViz-E: A Case-study in Domain-Specialized Tool-Using Agentscited by 4
- 2024Survey of Natural Language Processing for Education: Taxonomy, Systematic Review, and Future Trendscited by 3
- 2024GPT-Powered Elicitation Interview Script Generator for Requirements Engineering Trainingcited by 3
- 2025TrueReason: An Exemplar Personalised Learning System Integrating Reasoning with Foundational Modelscited by 2
- 2025Rethinking the Potential of Multimodality in Collaborative Problem Solving Diagnosis with Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025Enhancing Diversity of LLM-Generated Educational Taskscited by 2
- 2026Cognitively Diverse Multiple-Choice Question Generation: A Hybrid Multi-Agent Framework with Large Language Modelscited by 2
7 more
- 2026Small, Private Language Models as Teammates for Educational Assessment Designcited by 2
- 2026Catching The Correct Answer Trap: Characterising AI Tutor Blind Spots When Analysing Student Reasoningcited by 1
- 2023Multi-dimensional data refining strategy for effective fine-tuning LLMscited by 0
- 2025Tell Me Who Your Students Are: GPT Can Generate Valid Multiple-Choice Questions When Students' (Mis)Understanding Is Hintedcited by 0
- 2025Harnessing IoT and Generative AI for Weather-Adaptive Learning in Climate Resilience Educationcited by 0
- 2026Mix and Match: Context Pairing for Scalable Topic-Controlled Educational Summarisationcited by 0
- 2026KT4EQG: Personalized Exercise Question Generation via Knowledge Tracingcited by 0
- 2026Small, Private Language Models as Teammates for Educational Assessment Design14 May 2026
- 2026KT4EQG: Personalized Exercise Question Generation via Knowledge Tracing24 Apr 2026
- 2026Catching The Correct Answer Trap: Characterising AI Tutor Blind Spots When Analysing Student Reasoning20 Apr 2026
- 2026Mix and Match: Context Pairing for Scalable Topic-Controlled Educational Summarisation20 Apr 2026
- 2026Cognitively Diverse Multiple-Choice Question Generation: A Hybrid Multi-Agent Framework with Large Language Models3 Feb 2026
- 2025Enhancing Diversity of LLM-Generated Educational Tasks29 Dec 2025
- 2025Harnessing IoT and Generative AI for Weather-Adaptive Learning in Climate Resilience Education29 Aug 2025
- 2025Tell Me Who Your Students Are: GPT Can Generate Valid Multiple-Choice Questions When Students' (Mis)Understanding Is Hinted9 May 2025
- 2025Rethinking the Potential of Multimodality in Collaborative Problem Solving Diagnosis with Large Language Models21 Apr 2025
- 2025TrueReason: An Exemplar Personalised Learning System Integrating Reasoning with Foundational Models23 Jan 2025
- 2024Automated Educational Question Generation at Different Bloom's Skill Levels using Large Language Models: Strategies and Evaluation8 Aug 2024
- 2024Building a Domain-specific Guardrail Model in Production24 Jul 2024
7 more
- 2024MathViz-E: A Case-study in Domain-Specialized Tool-Using Agents24 Jul 2024
- 2024GPT-Powered Elicitation Interview Script Generator for Requirements Engineering Training17 Jun 2024
- 2024An Automatic Question Usability Evaluation Toolkit30 May 2024
- 2024Large Language Models Meet User Interfaces: The Case of Provisioning Feedback17 Apr 2024
- 2024Survey of Natural Language Processing for Education: Taxonomy, Systematic Review, and Future Trends15 Jan 2024
- 2023Multi-dimensional data refining strategy for effective fine-tuning LLMs2 Nov 2023
- 2023Can We Trust AI-Generated Educational Content? Comparative Analysis of Human and AI-Generated Learning Resources18 Jun 2023
- 2025TrueReason: An Exemplar Personalised Learning System Integrating Reasoning with Foundational Modelscited by 2
- 2025Rethinking the Potential of Multimodality in Collaborative Problem Solving Diagnosis with Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026Catching The Correct Answer Trap: Characterising AI Tutor Blind Spots When Analysing Student Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Catching The Correct Answer Trap: Characterising AI Tutor Blind Spots When Analysing Student Reasoning20 Apr 2026
- 2025Rethinking the Potential of Multimodality in Collaborative Problem Solving Diagnosis with Large Language Models21 Apr 2025
- 2025TrueReason: An Exemplar Personalised Learning System Integrating Reasoning with Foundational Models23 Jan 2025
- 2024Building a Domain-specific Guardrail Model in Productioncited by 6
- 2024Building a Domain-specific Guardrail Model in Production24 Jul 2024
- 2024Automated Educational Question Generation at Different Bloom's Skill Levels using Large Language Models: Strategies and Evaluationcited by 29
- 2023Can We Trust AI-Generated Educational Content? Comparative Analysis of Human and AI-Generated Learning Resourcescited by 12
- 2024An Automatic Question Usability Evaluation Toolkitcited by 9
- 2024Large Language Models Meet User Interfaces: The Case of Provisioning Feedbackcited by 4
- 2024Survey of Natural Language Processing for Education: Taxonomy, Systematic Review, and Future Trendscited by 3
- 2024GPT-Powered Elicitation Interview Script Generator for Requirements Engineering Trainingcited by 3
- 2025Enhancing Diversity of LLM-Generated Educational Taskscited by 2
- 2026Small, Private Language Models as Teammates for Educational Assessment Designcited by 2
- 2023Multi-dimensional data refining strategy for effective fine-tuning LLMscited by 0
- 2025Tell Me Who Your Students Are: GPT Can Generate Valid Multiple-Choice Questions When Students' (Mis)Understanding Is Hintedcited by 0
- 2025Harnessing IoT and Generative AI for Weather-Adaptive Learning in Climate Resilience Educationcited by 0
- 2026Mix and Match: Context Pairing for Scalable Topic-Controlled Educational Summarisationcited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Small, Private Language Models as Teammates for Educational Assessment Design14 May 2026
- 2026KT4EQG: Personalized Exercise Question Generation via Knowledge Tracing24 Apr 2026
- 2026Mix and Match: Context Pairing for Scalable Topic-Controlled Educational Summarisation20 Apr 2026
- 2025Enhancing Diversity of LLM-Generated Educational Tasks29 Dec 2025
- 2025Harnessing IoT and Generative AI for Weather-Adaptive Learning in Climate Resilience Education29 Aug 2025
- 2025Tell Me Who Your Students Are: GPT Can Generate Valid Multiple-Choice Questions When Students' (Mis)Understanding Is Hinted9 May 2025
- 2024Automated Educational Question Generation at Different Bloom's Skill Levels using Large Language Models: Strategies and Evaluation8 Aug 2024
- 2024GPT-Powered Elicitation Interview Script Generator for Requirements Engineering Training17 Jun 2024
- 2024An Automatic Question Usability Evaluation Toolkit30 May 2024
- 2024Large Language Models Meet User Interfaces: The Case of Provisioning Feedback17 Apr 2024
- 2024Survey of Natural Language Processing for Education: Taxonomy, Systematic Review, and Future Trends15 Jan 2024
- 2023Multi-dimensional data refining strategy for effective fine-tuning LLMs2 Nov 2023
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)