Towards Generalization and Simplicity in Continuous Control
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Abstract (arXiv)
This work shows that policies with simple linear and RBF parameterizations can be trained to solve a variety of continuous control tasks, including the OpenAI gym benchmarks. The performance of these trained policies are competitive with state of the art results, obtained with more elaborate parameterizations such as fully connected neural networks. Furthermore, existing training and testing scenarios are shown to be very limited and prone to over-fitting, thus giving rise to only trajectory-centric policies. Training with a diverse initial state distribution is shown to produce more global policies with better generalization. This allows for interactive control scenarios where the system recovers from large on-line perturbations; as shown in the supplementary video.
Key facts. Cited by 65 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Mar 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2019: 2; 2020: 2; 2021: 22; 2022: 9; 2023: 14; 2024: 9; 2025: 4; 2026: 3.
65 papers.
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- 2020MOReL : Model-Based Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 582
- 2022The Unsurprising Effectiveness of Pre-Trained Vision Models for Controlcited by 155
- 2021The Surprising Effectiveness of Representation Learning for Visual Imitationcited by 149
- 2021Contrastive Behavioral Similarity Embeddings for Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 123
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- 2021MobILE: Model-Based Imitation Learning From Observation Alonecited by 44
- 2021SECANT: Self-Expert Cloning for Zero-Shot Generalization of Visual Policiescited by 42
- 2021Instabilities of Offline RL with Pre-Trained Neural Representationcited by 38
- 2019An Optimistic Perspective on Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 37
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- 2023The Generalization Gap in Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 25
- 2022Investigating the Properties of Neural Network Representations in Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
- 2024SINDy-RL: Interpretable and Efficient Model-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
- 2023In-Context Reinforcement Learning for Variable Action Spacescited by 23
- 2023Improved Communication Efficiency in Federated Natural Policy Gradient via ADMM-based Gradient Updatescited by 20
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- 2021Policy Gradient Methods Find the Nash Equilibrium in N-player General-sum Linear-quadratic Gamescited by 19
- 2021Policy Search for Model Predictive Control with Application to Agile Drone Flightcited by 17
- 2021Policy Information Capacity: Information-Theoretic Measure for Task Complexity in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
- 2022Learning Task-relevant Representations for Generalization via Characteristic Functions of Reward Sequence Distributionscited by 15
- 2023Causal Semantic Communication for Digital Twins: A Generalizable Imitation Learning Approachcited by 14
- 2023Memory-Consistent Neural Networks for Imitation Learningcited by 14
- 2021Improving Generalization in Meta-RL with Imaginary Tasks from Latent Dynamics Mixturecited by 12
- 2022REvolveR: Continuous Evolutionary Models for Robot-to-robot Policy Transfercited by 12
- 2024Locality Sensitive Sparse Encoding for Learning World Models Onlinecited by 12
- 2022Non-Linear Reinforcement Learning in Large Action Spaces: Structural Conditions and Sample-efficiency of Posterior Samplingcited by 10
- 2022Local Feature Swapping for Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2021Measuring Progress in Deep Reinforcement Learning Sample Efficiencycited by 8
- 2022HERD: Continuous Human-to-Robot Evolution for Learning from Human Demonstrationcited by 8
- 2019Randomized Adversarial Imitation Learning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
- 2021Provable Regret Bounds for Deep Online Learning and Controlcited by 6
- 2021Koopman Spectrum Nonlinear Regulators and Efficient Online Learningcited by 5
- 2021Model-Free μ Synthesis via Adversarial Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2023Efficiently Learning the Graph for Semi-supervised Learningcited by 5
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- 2023Policy Gradient Algorithms Implicitly Optimize by Continuationcited by 4
- 2020Adversarial Imitation Learning via Random Searchcited by 3
- 2024Meta-Evolve: Continuous Robot Evolution for One-to-many Policy Transfercited by 3
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- 2024A learning-based approach to stochastic optimal control under reach-avoid constraintcited by 2
- 2021Sparse Attention Guided Dynamic Value Estimation for Single-Task Multi-Scene Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
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- 2025State Combinatorial Generalization In Decision Making With Conditional Diffusion Models22 Jan 2025
- 2025Representation Convergence: Mutual Distillation is Secretly a Form of Regularization5 Jan 2025
- 2024A learning-based approach to stochastic optimal control under reach-avoid constraint21 Dec 2024
- 2024Disentangling Recognition and Decision Regrets in Image-Based Reinforcement Learning19 Sep 2024
- 2024Comprehensive Overview of Reward Engineering and Shaping in Advancing Reinforcement Learning Applications22 Jul 2024
- 2024Meta-Evolve: Continuous Robot Evolution for One-to-many Policy Transfer6 May 2024
- 2024SINDy-RL: Interpretable and Efficient Model-Based Reinforcement Learning14 Mar 2024
38 more
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- 2024Efficient Training of Generalizable Visuomotor Policies via Control-Aware Augmentation17 Jan 2024
- 2023In-Context Reinforcement Learning for Variable Action Spaces20 Dec 2023
- 2023XLand-MiniGrid: Scalable Meta-Reinforcement Learning Environments in JAX19 Dec 2023
- 2023The Generalization Gap in Offline Reinforcement Learning10 Dec 2023
- 2023Enhanced Generalization through Prioritization and Diversity in Self-Imitation Reinforcement Learning over Procedural Environments with Sparse Rewards1 Nov 2023
- 2023One is More: Diverse Perspectives within a Single Network for Efficient DRL21 Oct 2023
- 2023Improved Communication Efficiency in Federated Natural Policy Gradient via ADMM-based Gradient Updates9 Oct 2023
- 2023Memory-Consistent Neural Networks for Imitation Learning9 Oct 2023
- 2023Machine Learning Meets Advanced Robotic Manipulation22 Sep 2023
- 2023Measuring and Mitigating Interference in Reinforcement Learning10 Jul 2023
- 2023Efficiently Learning the Graph for Semi-supervised Learning12 Jun 2023
- 2023On the Importance of Exploration for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning8 Jun 2023
- 2023Policy Gradient Algorithms Implicitly Optimize by Continuation11 May 2023
- 2023Causal Semantic Communication for Digital Twins: A Generalizable Imitation Learning Approach25 Apr 2023
- 2023On-line reinforcement learning for optimization of real-life energy trading strategy28 Mar 2023
- 2022HERD: Continuous Human-to-Robot Evolution for Learning from Human Demonstration8 Dec 2022
- 2022Improving Sample Efficiency in Evolutionary RL Using Off-Policy Ranking22 Aug 2022
- 2022Learning Task-relevant Representations for Generalization via Characteristic Functions of Reward Sequence Distributions20 May 2022
- 2022Can Foundation Models Perform Zero-Shot Task Specification For Robot Manipulation?23 Apr 2022
- 2022Local Feature Swapping for Generalization in Reinforcement Learning13 Apr 2022
- 2022Investigating the Properties of Neural Network Representations in Reinforcement Learning30 Mar 2022
- 2022Non-Linear Reinforcement Learning in Large Action Spaces: Structural Conditions and Sample-efficiency of Posterior Sampling15 Mar 2022
- 2022The Unsurprising Effectiveness of Pre-Trained Vision Models for Control7 Mar 2022
- 2022REvolveR: Continuous Evolutionary Models for Robot-to-robot Policy Transfer10 Feb 2022
- 2021Parallelized and Randomized Adversarial Imitation Learning for Safety-Critical Self-Driving Vehicles26 Dec 2021
- 2021Policy Search for Model Predictive Control with Application to Agile Drone Flight7 Dec 2021
- 2021The Surprising Effectiveness of Representation Learning for Visual Imitation2 Dec 2021
- 2021Model-Free μ Synthesis via Adversarial Reinforcement Learning30 Nov 2021
- 2021Provable Regret Bounds for Deep Online Learning and Control15 Oct 2021
- 2021Recurrent Model-Free RL Can Be a Strong Baseline for Many POMDPs11 Oct 2021
- 2021Active Reinforcement Learning over MDPs5 Aug 2021
- 2021Policy Gradient Methods Find the Nash Equilibrium in N-player General-sum Linear-quadratic Games27 Jul 2021
- 2021The Holy Grail of Multi-Robot Planning: Learning to Generate Online-Scalable Solutions from Offline-Optimal Experts26 Jul 2021
- 2021Koopman Spectrum Nonlinear Regulators and Efficient Online Learning30 Jun 2021
- 2021SECANT: Self-Expert Cloning for Zero-Shot Generalization of Visual Policies17 Jun 2021
50 newest of 65 All 65 (JSON)
- 2020MOReL : Model-Based Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 582
- 2021The Surprising Effectiveness of Representation Learning for Visual Imitationcited by 149
- 2021MobILE: Model-Based Imitation Learning From Observation Alonecited by 44
- 2021Instabilities of Offline RL with Pre-Trained Neural Representationcited by 38
- 2019An Optimistic Perspective on Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 37
- 2023The Generalization Gap in Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 25
- 2023Causal Semantic Communication for Digital Twins: A Generalizable Imitation Learning Approachcited by 14
- 2023Memory-Consistent Neural Networks for Imitation Learningcited by 14
- 2019Randomized Adversarial Imitation Learning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
- 2020Adversarial Imitation Learning via Random Searchcited by 3
- 2025Provable Zero-Shot Generalization in Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2025Provable Zero-Shot Generalization in Offline Reinforcement Learning11 Mar 2025
- 2023The Generalization Gap in Offline Reinforcement Learning10 Dec 2023
- 2023Memory-Consistent Neural Networks for Imitation Learning9 Oct 2023
- 2023Causal Semantic Communication for Digital Twins: A Generalizable Imitation Learning Approach25 Apr 2023
- 2021The Surprising Effectiveness of Representation Learning for Visual Imitation2 Dec 2021
- 2021Instabilities of Offline RL with Pre-Trained Neural Representation8 Mar 2021
- 2021MobILE: Model-Based Imitation Learning From Observation Alone22 Feb 2021
- 2020Adversarial Imitation Learning via Random Search21 Aug 2020
- 2020MOReL : Model-Based Offline Reinforcement Learning12 May 2020
- 2019An Optimistic Perspective on Offline Reinforcement Learning10 Jul 2019
- 2019Randomized Adversarial Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving13 May 2019
- 2022The Unsurprising Effectiveness of Pre-Trained Vision Models for Controlcited by 155
- 2021Contrastive Behavioral Similarity Embeddings for Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 123
- 2021Recurrent Model-Free RL Can Be a Strong Baseline for Many POMDPscited by 115
- 2021Decoupling Value and Policy for Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 81
- 2022Can Foundation Models Perform Zero-Shot Task Specification For Robot Manipulation?cited by 70
- 2023XLand-MiniGrid: Scalable Meta-Reinforcement Learning Environments in JAXcited by 54
- 2021SECANT: Self-Expert Cloning for Zero-Shot Generalization of Visual Policiescited by 42
- 2024Comprehensive Overview of Reward Engineering and Shaping in Advancing Reinforcement Learning Applicationscited by 34
- 2023On the Importance of Exploration for Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 30
- 2021Rank the Episodes: A Simple Approach for Exploration in Procedurally-Generated Environmentscited by 28
- 2022Investigating the Properties of Neural Network Representations in Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
- 2024SINDy-RL: Interpretable and Efficient Model-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
12 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
- 2026Chebyshev Policies and the Mountain Car Problem: Reinforcement Learning for Low-Dimensional Control Tasks21 May 2026
- 2026Benefits of Low-Cost Bio-Inspiration in the Age of Overparametrization22 Apr 2026
- 2026Tape: A Cellular Automata Benchmark for Evaluating Rule-Shift Generalization in Reinforcement Learning8 Jan 2026
- 2025A Dual-Agent Adversarial Framework for Robust Generalization in Deep Reinforcement Learning29 Jan 2025
- 2025Representation Convergence: Mutual Distillation is Secretly a Form of Regularization5 Jan 2025
- 2024A learning-based approach to stochastic optimal control under reach-avoid constraint21 Dec 2024
- 2024Disentangling Recognition and Decision Regrets in Image-Based Reinforcement Learning19 Sep 2024
- 2024Comprehensive Overview of Reward Engineering and Shaping in Advancing Reinforcement Learning Applications22 Jul 2024
- 2024Meta-Evolve: Continuous Robot Evolution for One-to-many Policy Transfer6 May 2024
- 2024SINDy-RL: Interpretable and Efficient Model-Based Reinforcement Learning14 Mar 2024
- 2024Solving Deep Reinforcement Learning Tasks with Evolution Strategies and Linear Policy Networks10 Feb 2024
- 2024Replication of Impedance Identification Experiments on a Reinforcement-Learning-Controlled Digital Twin of Human Elbows5 Feb 2024
12 newest of 51 All 51 (JSON)