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Re-ranking Person Re-identification with k-reciprocal Encoding

arXiv 1701.08398 ↗First posted 29 Jan 2017cs.CVcited by 260

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Abstract (arXiv)

When considering person re-identification (re-ID) as a retrieval process, re-ranking is a critical step to improve its accuracy. Yet in the re-ID community, limited effort has been devoted to re-ranking, especially those fully automatic, unsupervised solutions. In this paper, we propose a k-reciprocal encoding method to re-rank the re-ID results. Our hypothesis is that if a gallery image is similar to the probe in the k-reciprocal nearest neighbors, it is more likely to be a true match. Specifically, given an image, a k-reciprocal feature is calculated by encoding its k-reciprocal nearest neighbors into a single vector, which is used for re-ranking under the Jaccard distance. The final distance is computed as the combination of the original distance and the Jaccard distance. Our re-ranking method does not require any human interaction or any labeled data, so it is applicable to large-scale datasets. Experiments on the large-scale Market-1501, CUHK03, MARS, and PRW datasets confirm the effectiveness of our method.

Key facts. Cited by 260 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Jan 2017.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 79; 2022: 58; 2023: 45; 2024: 29; 2025: 30; 2026: 19.

260 papers.

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  1. 2021Exploiting the Intrinsic Neighborhood Structure for Source-free Domain Adaptationcited by 176
  2. 2021Cluster Contrast for Unsupervised Person Re-Identificationcited by 89
  3. 2022OpenGait: Revisiting Gait Recognition Toward Better Practicalitycited by 85
  4. 2021Generalizable Person Re-identification with Relevance-aware Mixture of Expertscited by 77
  5. 2021ICE: Inter-instance Contrastive Encoding for Unsupervised Person Re-identificationcited by 69
  6. 2022Body Part-Based Representation Learning for Occluded Person Re-Identificationcited by 63
  7. 2022Part-based Pseudo Label Refinement for Unsupervised Person Re-identificationcited by 59
  8. 2022NFormer: Robust Person Re-identification with Neighbor Transformercited by 57
  9. 2021Person Re-identification Method Based on Color Attack and Joint Defencecited by 56
  10. 2021Intra-Inter Camera Similarity for Unsupervised Person Re-Identificationcited by 52
  11. 2021IDM: An Intermediate Domain Module for Domain Adaptive Person Re-IDcited by 51
  12. 2023PLIP: Language-Image Pre-training for Person Representation Learningcited by 49
38 more
  1. 2021AAformer: Auto-Aligned Transformer for Person Re-Identificationcited by 48
  2. 2021Refining Pseudo Labels with Clustering Consensus over Generations for Unsupervised Object Re-identificationcited by 45
  3. 2022A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Gait Recognition: Algorithms, Datasets and Challengescited by 45
  4. 2021Eliminate Deviation with Deviation for Data Augmentation and a General Multi-modal Data Learning Methodcited by 42
  5. 2021Feature Erasing and Diffusion Network for Occluded Person Re-Identificationcited by 41
  6. 2022Large-Scale Pre-training for Person Re-identification with Noisy Labelscited by 41
  7. 2021HAT: Hierarchical Aggregation Transformers for Person Re-identificationcited by 39
  8. 2021Graph Sampling Based Deep Metric Learning for Generalizable Person Re-Identificationcited by 37
  9. 2023Part-Aware Transformer for Generalizable Person Re-identificationcited by 35
  10. 2021Learning Intra-Batch Connections for Deep Metric Learningcited by 34
  11. 2021TransMatcher: Deep Image Matching Through Transformers for Generalizable Person Re-identificationcited by 32
  12. 2021Perspectives on individual animal identification from biology and computer visioncited by 31
  13. 2021DyGLIP: A Dynamic Graph Model with Link Prediction for Accurate Multi-Camera Multiple Object Trackingcited by 31
  14. 2022Implicit Sample Extension for Unsupervised Person Re-Identificationcited by 31
  15. 2021Feature Completion for Occluded Person Re-Identificationcited by 30
  16. 2021Joint Noise-Tolerant Learning and Meta Camera Shift Adaptation for Unsupervised Person Re-Identificationcited by 29
  17. 2021Ranking Distance Calibration for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learningcited by 27
  18. 2024Alleviating Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models with Active Retrieval Augmentationcited by 27
  19. 2021Complementary Pseudo Labels For Unsupervised Domain Adaptation On Person Re-identificationcited by 23
  20. 2021Deep learning-based person re-identification methods: A survey and outlook of recent workscited by 23
  21. 2024Exploring Color Invariance through Image-Level Ensemble Learningcited by 23
  22. 2024Beyond Augmentation: Empowering Model Robustness under Extreme Capture Environmentscited by 23
  23. 2021Semantic-guided Pixel Sampling for Cloth-Changing Person Re-identificationcited by 22
  24. 2021Hybrid Dynamic Contrast and Probability Distillation for Unsupervised Person Re-Idcited by 22
  25. 2022Spectral Geometric Verification: Re-Ranking Point Cloud Retrieval for Metric Localizationcited by 21
  26. 2024Transformer for Object Re-Identification: A Surveycited by 21
  27. 2023Region Generation and Assessment Network for Occluded Person Re-Identificationcited by 20
  28. 2023Balance Act: Mitigating Hubness in Cross-Modal Retrieval with Query and Gallery Bankscited by 20
  29. 2021Less is More: Learning from Synthetic Data with Fine-grained Attributes for Person Re-Identificationcited by 19
  30. 2024Beyond Dropout: Robust Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Local Feature Maskingcited by 19
  31. 2021Lightweight Multi-Branch Network for Person Re-Identificationcited by 18
  32. 2021City-Scale Multi-Camera Vehicle Tracking Guided by Crossroad Zonescited by 18
  33. 2022Counterfactual Intervention Feature Transfer for Visible-Infrared Person Re-identificationcited by 18
  34. 2022Cloning Outfits from Real-World Images to 3D Characters for Generalizable Person Re-Identificationcited by 17
  35. 2025From Poses to Identity: Training-Free Person Re-Identification via Feature Centralizationcited by 17
  36. 2025GOAL: Global-local Object Alignment Learningcited by 17
  37. 2021FlipReID: Closing the Gap between Training and Inference in Person Re-Identificationcited by 16
  38. 2022Ada-NETS: Face Clustering via Adaptive Neighbour Discovery in the Structure Spacecited by 16

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