The More You Know: Using Knowledge Graphs for Image Classification
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Abstract (arXiv)
One characteristic that sets humans apart from modern learning-based computer vision algorithms is the ability to acquire knowledge about the world and use that knowledge to reason about the visual world. Humans can learn about the characteristics of objects and the relationships that occur between them to learn a large variety of visual concepts, often with few examples. This paper investigates the use of structured prior knowledge in the form of knowledge graphs and shows that using this knowledge improves performance on image classification. We build on recent work on end-to-end learning on graphs, introducing the Graph Search Neural Network as a way of efficiently incorporating large knowledge graphs into a vision classification pipeline. We show in a number of experiments that our method outperforms standard neural network baselines for multi-label classification.
Key facts. Cited by 63 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Dec 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 20; 2022: 20; 2023: 11; 2024: 4; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.
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- 2022Foundations and Trends in Multimodal Machine Learning: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questionscited by 116
- 2022Align, Reason and Learn: Enhancing Medical Vision-and-Language Pre-training with Knowledgecited by 51
- 2021Hierarchical Object-to-Zone Graph for Object Navigationcited by 34
- 2022TIDEE: Tidying Up Novel Rooms using Visuo-Semantic Commonsense Priorscited by 30
- 2021Dual Graph Convolutional Networks with Transformer and Curriculum Learning for Image Captioningcited by 27
- 2021Act Like a Radiologist: Towards Reliable Multi-view Correspondence Reasoning for Mammogram Mass Detectioncited by 22
- 2023Multimodal Data Integration for Oncology in the Era of Deep Neural Networks: A Reviewcited by 20
- 2021Network Representation Learning: From Preprocessing, Feature Extraction to Node Embeddingcited by 19
- 2021The Pursuit of Knowledge: Discovering and Localizing Novel Categories using Dual Memorycited by 13
- 2021GraphFM: Graph Factorization Machines for Feature Interaction Modelingcited by 13
- 2025Taxonomy-Aware Evaluation of Vision-Language Modelscited by 11
- 2021Faster-LTN: a neuro-symbolic, end-to-end object detection architecturecited by 10
38 more
- 2021Applications of knowledge graphs for food science and industrycited by 8
- 2023Sample-Efficient Learning of Novel Visual Conceptscited by 8
- 2021Survey of Image Based Graph Neural Networkscited by 7
- 2022A Survey on Visual Transfer Learning using Knowledge Graphscited by 7
- 2022Duality-Induced Regularizer for Semantic Matching Knowledge Graph Embeddingscited by 7
- 2021DyGCN: Dynamic Graph Embedding with Graph Convolutional Networkcited by 6
- 2023Increasing Coverage and Precision of Textual Information in Multilingual Knowledge Graphscited by 6
- 2021GMLP: Building Scalable and Flexible Graph Neural Networks with Feature-Message Passingcited by 5
- 2021Magic Layouts: Structural Prior for Component Detection in User Interface Designscited by 5
- 2022KTN: Knowledge Transfer Network for Learning Multi-person 2D-3D Correspondencescited by 5
- 2024Capturing Knowledge Graphs and Rules with Octagon Embeddingscited by 5
- 2021Addressing materials' microstructure diversity using transfer learningcited by 4
- 2021Ontology-based n-ball Concept Embeddings Informing Few-shot Image Classificationcited by 4
- 2022DRAG: Dynamic Region-Aware GCN for Privacy-Leaking Image Detectioncited by 4
- 2022Brainish: Formalizing A Multimodal Language for Intelligence and Consciousnesscited by 4
- 2022ER: Equivariance Regularizer for Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 4
- 2022Content-based Graph Privacy Advisorcited by 4
- 2022Graph Neural Networks in Computer Vision -- Architectures, Datasets and Common Approachescited by 4
- 2023BB-GCN: A Bi-modal Bridged Graph Convolutional Network for Multi-label Chest X-Ray Recognitioncited by 4
- 2023InferTurbo: A Scalable System for Boosting Full-graph Inference of Graph Neural Network over Huge Graphscited by 4
- 2023Knowledge-Guided Short-Context Action Anticipation in Human-Centric Videoscited by 4
- 2023Reviving the Context: Camera Trap Species Classification as Link Prediction on Multimodal Knowledge Graphscited by 4
- 2021A Survey of Knowledge Enhanced Pre-trained Modelscited by 3
- 2022Learning Commonsense-aware Moment-Text Alignment for Fast Video Temporal Groundingcited by 3
- 2022A survey on the development status and application prospects of knowledge graph in smart gridscited by 2
- 2022Semantic Enhanced Knowledge Graph for Large-Scale Zero-Shot Learningcited by 2
- 2023Spatio-Temporal driven Attention Graph Neural Network with Block Adjacency matrix (STAG-NN-BA) for Remote Land-use Change Detectioncited by 2
- 2023Enabling High-Level Machine Reasoning with Cognitive Neuro-Symbolic Systemscited by 2
- 2025Learning Privacy from Visual Entitiescited by 2
- 2025Graph Your Own Promptcited by 2
- 2025Object-Centric Representation Learning for Enhanced 3D Semantic Scene Graph Predictioncited by 2
- 2021KGE-CL: Contrastive Learning of Tensor Decomposition Based Knowledge Graph Embeddingscited by 1
- 2023Teach Me How to Learn: A Perspective Review towards User-centered Neuro-symbolic Learning for Robotic Surgical Systemscited by 1
- 2024Stitching Gaps: Fusing Situated Perceptual Knowledge with Vision Transformers for High-Level Image Classificationcited by 1
- 2024Help Me Identify: Is an LLM+VQA System All We Need to Identify Visual Concepts?cited by 1
- 2025Segment Any Vehicle: Semantic and Visual Context Driven SAM and A Benchmarkcited by 1
- 2021Meta-Path-Free Representation Learning on Heterogeneous Networkscited by 0
- 2021Wider Vision: Enriching Convolutional Neural Networks via Alignment to External Knowledge Basescited by 0
50 most cited of 63 All 63 (JSON)
- 2026Rethinking Multi-Label Image Classification With Deep Learning: Taxonomy, Challenge, and Outlook1 Jul 2026
- 2025Object-Centric Representation Learning for Enhanced 3D Semantic Scene Graph Prediction6 Oct 2025
- 2025Graph Your Own Prompt27 Sep 2025
- 2025Segment Any Vehicle: Semantic and Visual Context Driven SAM and A Benchmark6 Aug 2025
- 2025Taxonomy-Aware Evaluation of Vision-Language Models7 Apr 2025
- 2025SIT-FER: Integration of Semantic-, Instance-, Text-level Information for Semi-supervised Facial Expression Recognition24 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning Privacy from Visual Entities16 Mar 2025
- 2025Meta Learning not to Learn: Robustly Informing Meta-Learning under Nuisance-Varying Families6 Mar 2025
- 2024JEMA: A Joint Embedding Framework for Scalable Co-Learning with Multimodal Alignment31 Oct 2024
- 2024Help Me Identify: Is an LLM+VQA System All We Need to Identify Visual Concepts?17 Oct 2024
- 2024Stitching Gaps: Fusing Situated Perceptual Knowledge with Vision Transformers for High-Level Image Classification29 Feb 2024
- 2024Capturing Knowledge Graphs and Rules with Octagon Embeddings29 Jan 2024
38 more
- 2023Reviving the Context: Camera Trap Species Classification as Link Prediction on Multimodal Knowledge Graphs31 Dec 2023
- 2023Increasing Coverage and Precision of Textual Information in Multilingual Knowledge Graphs27 Nov 2023
- 2023Enabling High-Level Machine Reasoning with Cognitive Neuro-Symbolic Systems13 Nov 2023
- 2023Knowledge-Guided Short-Context Action Anticipation in Human-Centric Videos12 Sep 2023
- 2023Teach Me How to Learn: A Perspective Review towards User-centered Neuro-symbolic Learning for Robotic Surgical Systems7 Jul 2023
- 2023InferTurbo: A Scalable System for Boosting Full-graph Inference of Graph Neural Network over Huge Graphs1 Jul 2023
- 2023Sample-Efficient Learning of Novel Visual Concepts15 Jun 2023
- 2023Informed Machine Learning, Centrality, CNN, Relevant Document Detection, Repatriation of Indigenous Human Remains25 Mar 2023
- 2023Spatio-Temporal driven Attention Graph Neural Network with Block Adjacency matrix (STAG-NN-BA) for Remote Land-use Change Detection25 Mar 2023
- 2023Multimodal Data Integration for Oncology in the Era of Deep Neural Networks: A Review11 Mar 2023
- 2023BB-GCN: A Bi-modal Bridged Graph Convolutional Network for Multi-label Chest X-Ray Recognition22 Feb 2023
- 2022Semantic Enhanced Knowledge Graph for Large-Scale Zero-Shot Learning26 Dec 2022
- 2022Detecting Objects with Context-Likelihood Graphs and Graph Refinement23 Dec 2022
- 2022Graph Neural Networks in Computer Vision -- Architectures, Datasets and Common Approaches20 Dec 2022
- 2022A survey on the development status and application prospects of knowledge graph in smart grids2 Nov 2022
- 2022Content-based Graph Privacy Advisor20 Oct 2022
- 2022Align, Reason and Learn: Enhancing Medical Vision-and-Language Pre-training with Knowledge15 Sep 2022
- 2022Foundations and Trends in Multimodal Machine Learning: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions7 Sep 2022
- 2022TIDEE: Tidying Up Novel Rooms using Visuo-Semantic Commonsense Priors21 Jul 2022
- 2022Informed Learning by Wide Neural Networks: Convergence, Generalization and Sampling Complexity2 Jul 2022
- 2022Measuring and Improving the Use of Graph Information in Graph Neural Networks27 Jun 2022
- 2022ER: Equivariance Regularizer for Knowledge Graph Completion24 Jun 2022
- 2022KTN: Knowledge Transfer Network for Learning Multi-person 2D-3D Correspondences21 Jun 2022
- 2022Spatial Parsing and Dynamic Temporal Pooling networks for Human-Object Interaction detection7 Jun 2022
- 2022Brainish: Formalizing A Multimodal Language for Intelligence and Consciousness14 Apr 2022
- 2022Learning Commonsense-aware Moment-Text Alignment for Fast Video Temporal Grounding4 Apr 2022
- 2022Duality-Induced Regularizer for Semantic Matching Knowledge Graph Embeddings24 Mar 2022
- 2022DRAG: Dynamic Region-Aware GCN for Privacy-Leaking Image Detection17 Mar 2022
- 2022Knowledge-Integrated Informed AI for National Security4 Feb 2022
- 2022A Survey on Visual Transfer Learning using Knowledge Graphs27 Jan 2022
- 2022Can Machines Generate Personalized Music? A Hybrid Favorite-aware Method for User Preference Music Transfer21 Jan 2022
- 2021KGE-CL: Contrastive Learning of Tensor Decomposition Based Knowledge Graph Embeddings9 Dec 2021
- 2021HR-RCNN: Hierarchical Relational Reasoning for Object Detection26 Oct 2021
- 2021Network Representation Learning: From Preprocessing, Feature Extraction to Node Embedding14 Oct 2021
- 2021A Survey of Knowledge Enhanced Pre-trained Models1 Oct 2021
- 2021Ontology-based n-ball Concept Embeddings Informing Few-shot Image Classification19 Sep 2021
- 2021Hierarchical Object-to-Zone Graph for Object Navigation5 Sep 2021
- 2021Dual Graph Convolutional Networks with Transformer and Curriculum Learning for Image Captioning5 Aug 2021
50 newest of 63 All 63 (JSON)
- 2025Taxonomy-Aware Evaluation of Vision-Language Modelscited by 11
- 2025Taxonomy-Aware Evaluation of Vision-Language Models7 Apr 2025
- 2022Foundations and Trends in Multimodal Machine Learning: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questionscited by 116
- 2022Align, Reason and Learn: Enhancing Medical Vision-and-Language Pre-training with Knowledgecited by 51
- 2021Hierarchical Object-to-Zone Graph for Object Navigationcited by 34
- 2022TIDEE: Tidying Up Novel Rooms using Visuo-Semantic Commonsense Priorscited by 30
- 2021Dual Graph Convolutional Networks with Transformer and Curriculum Learning for Image Captioningcited by 27
- 2021Act Like a Radiologist: Towards Reliable Multi-view Correspondence Reasoning for Mammogram Mass Detectioncited by 22
- 2023Multimodal Data Integration for Oncology in the Era of Deep Neural Networks: A Reviewcited by 20
- 2021Network Representation Learning: From Preprocessing, Feature Extraction to Node Embeddingcited by 19
- 2021The Pursuit of Knowledge: Discovering and Localizing Novel Categories using Dual Memorycited by 13
- 2021GraphFM: Graph Factorization Machines for Feature Interaction Modelingcited by 13
- 2021Faster-LTN: a neuro-symbolic, end-to-end object detection architecturecited by 10
- 2021Applications of knowledge graphs for food science and industrycited by 8
12 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)
- 2026Rethinking Multi-Label Image Classification With Deep Learning: Taxonomy, Challenge, and Outlook1 Jul 2026
- 2025Object-Centric Representation Learning for Enhanced 3D Semantic Scene Graph Prediction6 Oct 2025
- 2025Graph Your Own Prompt27 Sep 2025
- 2025Segment Any Vehicle: Semantic and Visual Context Driven SAM and A Benchmark6 Aug 2025
- 2025SIT-FER: Integration of Semantic-, Instance-, Text-level Information for Semi-supervised Facial Expression Recognition24 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning Privacy from Visual Entities16 Mar 2025
- 2025Meta Learning not to Learn: Robustly Informing Meta-Learning under Nuisance-Varying Families6 Mar 2025
- 2024JEMA: A Joint Embedding Framework for Scalable Co-Learning with Multimodal Alignment31 Oct 2024
- 2024Help Me Identify: Is an LLM+VQA System All We Need to Identify Visual Concepts?17 Oct 2024
- 2024Stitching Gaps: Fusing Situated Perceptual Knowledge with Vision Transformers for High-Level Image Classification29 Feb 2024
- 2024Capturing Knowledge Graphs and Rules with Octagon Embeddings29 Jan 2024
- 2023Reviving the Context: Camera Trap Species Classification as Link Prediction on Multimodal Knowledge Graphs31 Dec 2023
12 newest of 61 All 61 (JSON)