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Toward Multilingual Neural Machine Translation with Universal Encoder and Decoder

arXiv 1611.04798 ↗First posted 15 Nov 2016cs.CLcited by 76

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we present our first attempts in building a multilingual Neural Machine Translation framework under a unified approach. We are then able to employ attention-based NMT for many-to-many multilingual translation tasks. Our approach does not require any special treatment on the network architecture and it allows us to learn minimal number of free parameters in a standard way of training. Our approach has shown its effectiveness in an under-resourced translation scenario with considerable improvements up to 2.6 BLEU points. In addition, the approach has achieved interesting and promising results when applied in the translation task that there is no direct parallel corpus between source and target languages.

Key facts. Cited by 76 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 15 Nov 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 36; 2022: 18; 2023: 15; 2024: 5; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

76 papers.

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  1. 2021WARP: Word-level Adversarial ReProgrammingcited by 220
  2. 2021Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages: A Surveycited by 108
  3. 2021The Multilingual TEDx Corpus for Speech Recognition and Translationcited by 101
  4. 2021Survey of Low-Resource Machine Translationcited by 92
  5. 2021A Survey on Green Deep Learningcited by 52
  6. 2021Multilingual training for Software Engineeringcited by 43
  7. 2021Improving Multilingual Translation by Representation and Gradient Regularizationcited by 31
  8. 2022CUNI-KIT System for Simultaneous Speech Translation Task at IWSLT 2022cited by 30
  9. 2021Language Tags Matter for Zero-Shot Neural Machine Translationcited by 29
  10. 2025Middle-Layer Representation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Transfer in Fine-Tuned LLMscited by 26
  11. 2021Importance-based Neuron Allocation for Multilingual Neural Machine Translationcited by 23
  12. 2022Causes and Cures for Interference in Multilingual Translationcited by 23
38 more
  1. 2021Multilingual Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation with Denoising Adapterscited by 22
  2. 2022Lego-MT: Learning Detachable Models for Massively Multilingual Machine Translationcited by 21
  3. 2022Towards the Next 1000 Languages in Multilingual Machine Translation: Exploring the Synergy Between Supervised and Self-Supervised Learningcited by 19
  4. 2021Distributionally Robust Multilingual Machine Translationcited by 18
  5. 2021Improving Neural Machine Translation by Bidirectional Trainingcited by 17
  6. 2021A Survey on Low-Resource Neural Machine Translationcited by 16
  7. 2023One Adapter for All Programming Languages? Adapter Tuning for Code Search and Summarizationcited by 16
  8. 2022Multilingual Machine Translation with Hyper-Adapterscited by 15
  9. 2023Viewing Knowledge Transfer in Multilingual Machine Translation Through a Representational Lenscited by 15
  10. 2021Rethinking Zero-shot Neural Machine Translation: From a Perspective of Latent Variablescited by 14
  11. 2022Language-Family Adapters for Low-Resource Multilingual Neural Machine Translationcited by 14
  12. 2021Efficient Weight factorization for Multilingual Speech Recognitioncited by 12
  13. 2022Multilingual Neural Machine Translation with Deep Encoder and Multiple Shallow Decoderscited by 12
  14. 2022MMTAfrica: Multilingual Machine Translation for African Languagescited by 11
  15. 2021Assessing Evaluation Metrics for Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 10
  16. 2023Improving Zero-shot Multilingual Neural Machine Translation by Leveraging Cross-lingual Consistency Regularizationcited by 10
  17. 2023Beyond Shared Vocabulary: Increasing Representational Word Similarities across Languages for Multilingual Machine Translationcited by 9
  18. 2023Towards Higher Pareto Frontier in Multilingual Machine Translationcited by 9
  19. 2021Evaluating Multiway Multilingual NMT in the Turkic Languagescited by 8
  20. 2021Breaking Down Multilingual Machine Translationcited by 8
  21. 2021Towards Making the Most of Multilingual Pretraining for Zero-Shot Neural Machine Translationcited by 8
  22. 2021Prose2Poem: The Blessing of Transformers in Translating Prose to Persian Poetrycited by 7
  23. 2023Code-Switched Text Synthesis in Unseen Language Pairscited by 7
  24. 2021Zero-shot Speech Translationcited by 5
  25. 2021English2Gbe: A multilingual machine translation model for {Fon/Ewe}Gbecited by 5
  26. 2022Dodging the Data Bottleneck: Automatic Subtitling with Automatically Segmented ST Corporacited by 5
  27. 2021Family of Origin and Family of Choice: Massively Parallel Lexiconized Iterative Pretraining for Severely Low Resource Machine Translationcited by 4
  28. 2021Active Learning for Massively Parallel Translation of Constrained Text into Low Resource Languagescited by 4
  29. 2021Attentive fine-tuning of Transformers for Translation of low-resourced languages @LoResMT 2021cited by 4
  30. 2022Improving Zero-Shot Multilingual Translation with Universal Representations and Cross-Mappingscited by 4
  31. 2022Learning an Artificial Language for Knowledge-Sharing in Multilingual Translationcited by 4
  32. 2023Leveraging Timestamp Information for Serialized Joint Streaming Recognition and Translationcited by 4
  33. 2021BERTGEN: Multi-task Generation through BERTcited by 3
  34. 2023On the Off-Target Problem of Zero-Shot Multilingual Neural Machine Translationcited by 3
  35. 2024A Systematic Analysis of Subwords and Cross-Lingual Transfer in Multilingual Translationcited by 3
  36. 2021One Source, Two Targets: Challenges and Rewards of Dual Decodingcited by 2
  37. 2021EdinSaar@WMT21: North-Germanic Low-Resource Multilingual NMTcited by 2
  38. 2021Multilingual Neural Machine Translation:Can Linguistic Hierarchies Help?cited by 2

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