mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Medical synthetic data and agents

63 papers2 this weekHigh confidence in this grouping: the papers form one clear topicHigh confidence in this grouping: the papers form one clear topic · About

Keywords: clinical, medical, synthetic, patient, language

Key facts. Medical synthetic data and agents: 63 papers on arXiv since 2023 (data through 7 Oct 2026). 3 of its 63 mapped papers (5%) cite “MDTeamGPT: A Self-Evolving LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework for Multi-Disciplinary Team Medical Consultation” (2025, arXiv 2503.13856). 3 of its 63 mapped papers (5%) cite “Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Simulations for Realistic Clinical Interactions” (2025, arXiv 2503.22678). 4 new papers 17 Sep–7 Oct.

What’s new

17 Sep – 7 Oct 2026

  1. This week · 2
  2. MedZERO: Self-Evolving Agents for Open-Ended Medical Reasoning Through Controlled Knowledge Accumulation
  3. SAGE: Semantic Anchor-Guided Evolution for Grounded Medical QA Data Synthesis
  4. Earlier · 2
  5. MERID: Multimodal Exploration via Recursive Self-Improvement Agents for Major Depression Analysis
  6. PrivMeSA: Privacy-Aware Self-Evolving Multi-Agent System for Medicine via Local-Remote LLM Collaboration

Foundations

Most cited by papers here

  1. MDTeamGPT: A Self-Evolving LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework for Multi-Disciplinary Team Medical Consultation2025cited by 3 here
  2. Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Simulations for Realistic Clinical Interactions2025cited by 3 here
  3. Does Synthetic Data Generation of LLMs Help Clinical Text Mining?2023cited by 2 here
  4. Utilizing Large Language Models to Generate Synthetic Data to Increase the Performance of BERT-Based Neural Networks2024cited by 2 here
  5. Synthetic Data Generation with LLM for Improved Depression Prediction2024cited by 2 here

Lineage

The papers this direction builds on, oldest first.

Each paper on the line cites the one before.

  1. 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 5 here
  2. 2024Self-Rewarding Language Modelscited by 1 here
  3. 2024Enhancing Large Vision Language Models with Self-Training on Image Comprehensioncited by 1 here
  4. 2025A Survey of Self-Evolving Agents: What, When, How, and Where to Evolve on the Path to Artificial Super Intelligencecited by 3 here
20 more it builds on, not in this chain
  1. 2021STraTA: Self-Training with Task Augmentation for Better Few-shot Learningcited by 1 here
  2. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 1 here
  3. 2023Does Synthetic Data Generation of LLMs Help Clinical Text Mining?cited by 2 here
  4. 2023Generating Faithful Synthetic Data with Large Language Models: A Case Study in Computational Social Sciencecited by 1 here
  5. 2023Synthetic Data Generation with Large Language Models for Text Classification: Potential and Limitationscited by 1 here
  6. 2024Bootstrapping LLM-based Task-Oriented Dialogue Agents via Self-Talkcited by 1 here
  7. 2024Self-seeding and Multi-intent Self-instructing LLMs for Generating Intent-aware Information-Seeking dialogscited by 1 here
  8. 2024Toward Self-Improvement of LLMs via Imagination, Searching, and Criticizingcited by 1 here
  9. 2024Utilizing Large Language Models to Generate Synthetic Data to Increase the Performance of BERT-Based Neural Networkscited by 2 here
  10. 2024Differentially Private Tabular Data Synthesis using Large Language Modelscited by 1 here
  11. 2024ReST-MCTS*: LLM Self-Training via Process Reward Guided Tree Searchcited by 1 here
  12. 2024Magpie: Alignment Data Synthesis from Scratch by Prompting Aligned LLMs with Nothingcited by 1 here
  13. 2024On LLMs-Driven Synthetic Data Generation, Curation, and Evaluation: A Surveycited by 1 here
  14. 2024Recursive Introspection: Teaching Language Model Agents How to Self-Improvecited by 1 here
  15. 2024Meta-Rewarding Language Models: Self-Improving Alignment with LLM-as-a-Meta-Judgecited by 1 here
  16. 2024Synthetic Data Generation with LLM for Improved Depression Predictioncited by 2 here
  17. 2025MDTeamGPT: A Self-Evolving LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework for Multi-Disciplinary Team Medical Consultationcited by 3 here
  18. 2025Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Simulations for Realistic Clinical Interactionscited by 3 here
  19. 2025A Comprehensive Survey of Self-Evolving AI Agents: A New Paradigm Bridging Foundation Models and Lifelong Agentic Systemscited by 2 here
  20. 2025Agentic Context Engineering: Evolving Contexts for Self-Improving Language Modelscited by 3 here

The 24 most cited of 39.

Browse

30 of 63, ranked 6–35

  1. 6MedS3: Towards Medical Slow Thinking with Self-Evolved Soft Dual-sided Process Supervision20251
  2. 7VietMed-MCQ: A Consistency-Filtered Data Synthesis Framework for Vietnamese Traditional Medicine Evaluation20260
  3. 8Route, Retrieve, Reflect, Repair: Self-Improving Agentic Framework for Visual Detection and Linguistic Reasoning in Medical Imaging20260
  4. 9Synthetic Data for Veterinary EHR De-identification: Benefits, Limits, and Safety Trade-offs Under Fixed Compute20260
  5. 10Planner-Auditor Twin: Agentic Discharge Planning with FHIR-Based LLM Planning, Guideline Recall, Optional Caching and Self-Improvement20260
  6. 11Cross-Linguistic Persona-Driven Data Synthesis for Robust Multimodal Cognitive Decline Detection20260
  7. 12LLM-Bootstrapped Targeted Finding Guidance for Factual MLLM-based Medical Report Generation20260
  8. 13SynSym: A Synthetic Data Generation Framework for Psychiatric Symptom Identification20260
  9. 14GSEM: Graph-based Self-Evolving Memory for Experience Augmented Clinical Reasoning20260
  10. 15Generating High Quality Synthetic Data for Dutch Medical Conversations20260
All 30
  1. 16Knowledge-Guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Zero-Shot Psychiatric Data: Privacy Preserving Synthetic Data Generation20260
  2. 17SkinGPT-X: A Self-Evolving Collaborative Multi-Agent System for Transparent and Trustworthy Dermatological Diagnosis20260
  3. 18Toward Vibe Medicine: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Framework for Clinical Decision Support20260
  4. 19Eliciting Medical Reasoning with Knowledge-enhanced Data Synthesis: A Semi-Supervised Reinforcement Learning Approach20260
  5. 20TheraAgent: Self-Improving Therapeutic Agent for Precise and Comprehensive Treatment Planning20260
  6. 21SEMA-RAG: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Medical Reasoning20260
  7. 22Memisis: Orchestrating and Evaluating Synthetic Data for Tabular Health Datasets20260
  8. 23Ryze: Evidence-Enriched Data Synthesis from Biomedical Papers20260
  9. 24Better with Experience: Self-Evolving LLM Agents for Evidence-Grounded Health Community Notes20260
  10. 25Traj-Evolve: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent System for Patient Trajectory Modeling in Lung Cancer Early Detection20260
  11. 26AnchorSIPS: A Synthetic Dataset and Evaluation Resource for Evidence-Supported Psychosis-Risk Symptom Measurement20260
  12. 27Evo-RAD: Navigating Rare Retinal Disease Diagnosis via Self-Evolving Agentic Retrieval20260
  13. 28Enhancing Brain MRI Anomaly Detection and Reasoning with ROI Rethink and Synthetic Data20260
  14. 29SAGEAgent: A Self-Evolving Agent for Cost-Aware Modality Acquisition in Multimodal Survival Prediction20260
  15. 30The Path to Self-Evolving Clinical Systems: Scaling Medical Agents from Assistance to Autonomy20260
  16. 31Self-Evolving Human-Centered Framework for Explainable Depression Symptom Annotation20260
  17. 32EMR: Self-Evolving Medical Multi-Agent System via Experience Mining and Reuse20260
  18. 33Embedding-Driven Diversity Sampling to Improve Few-Shot Synthetic Data Generation20250
  19. 34HILGEN: Hierarchically-Informed Data Generation for Biomedical NER Using Knowledgebases and Large Language Models20250
  20. 35WHERE and WHICH: Iterative Debate for Biomedical Synthetic Data Augmentation20250