WAM-Cache: Staleness-Bounded KV Reuse for Efficient World Action Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
World Action Models (WAMs) enable generalist robot manipulation by conditioning an action expert on representations from a pretrained video Diffusion Transformer (DiT). In closed-loop control, the video DiT runs at every chunk to encode the current observation into layerwise key-value (KV) pairs that the action expert queries. This prefill dominates the per-chunk computational cost, yet existing training-free accelerations leave it fully dense. We present WAM-Cache, a training-free framework that retains layerwise key-value representations across chunks and recomputes only a sparse refresh set of tokens. Crucially, we find that the intuitive heuristic of refreshing visually drifted tokens plateaus far below the dense baseline, even with an oracle predicting ground-truth KV drift. Downstream action accuracy is instead governed by where the action expert attends, not by what moved. WAM-Cache therefore selects the refresh set by uniting the action expert's cross-attention with visual latent surprise, complemented by a strict age bound that suppresses compounding error. On Fast-WAM, WAM-Cache cuts video DiT prefill FLOPs by 32-42% across RoboTwin 2.0, LIBERO, and real-world experiments, while staying within 0.7-1.8 percentage points of the dense policy in simulation and 2.5 points on a real robot.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 66 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2026.
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References · 66
- 2023RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Controlcited by 2,993
- 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,777
- 2025Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Modelscited by 2,536
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- 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,338
- 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 995
- 2025Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform for Physical AIcited by 833
- 2024An Image is Worth 1/2 Tokens After Layer 2: Plug-and-Play Inference Acceleration for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 629
- 2023Learning Universal Policies via Text-Guided Video Generationcited by 506
- 2025RoboTwin 2.0: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark with Strong Domain Randomization for Robust Bimanual Robotic Manipulationcited by 477
- 2026World Action Models are Zero-shot Policiescited by 411
- 2023Unleashing Large-Scale Video Generative Pre-training for Visual Robot Manipulationcited by 353
38 more
- 2025WorldVLA: Towards Autoregressive Action World Modelcited by 351
- 2023DeepCache: Accelerating Diffusion Models for Freecited by 346
- 20243D-VLA: A 3D Vision-Language-Action Generative World Modelcited by 320
- 2026Fast-WAM: Do World Action Models Need Test-time Future Imagination?cited by 311
- 2024GR-2: A Generative Video-Language-Action Model with Web-Scale Knowledge for Robot Manipulationcited by 290
- 2026Causal World Modeling for Robot Controlcited by 289
- 2024Video Prediction Policy: A Generalist Robot Policy with Predictive Visual Representationscited by 279
- 2026Cosmos Policy: Fine-Tuning Video Models for Visuomotor Control and Planningcited by 274
- 2025Motus: A Unified Latent Action World Modelcited by 231
- 2025Unified World Models: Coupling Video and Action Diffusion for Pretraining on Large Robotic Datasetscited by 218
- 2025Unified Video Action Modelcited by 195
- 2024RoboDreamer: Learning Compositional World Models for Robot Imaginationcited by 187
- 2025DreamGen: Unlocking Generalization in Robot Learning through Video World Modelscited by 168
- 2024Accelerating Diffusion Transformers with Token-wise Feature Cachingcited by 143
- 2024Gen2Act: Human Video Generation in Novel Scenarios enables Generalizable Robot Manipulationcited by 142
- 2025mimic-video: Video-Action Models for Generalizable Robot Control Beyond VLAscited by 133
- 2025Genie Envisioner: A Unified World Foundation Platform for Robotic Manipulationcited by 129
- 2026GigaWorld-Policy: An Efficient Action-Centered World--Action Modelcited by 129
- 2025Video Generators are Robot Policiescited by 86
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- 2025VLA-Cache: Efficient Vision-Language-Action Manipulation via Adaptive Token Cachingcited by 83
- 2026Motubrain: An Advanced World Action Model for Robot Controlcited by 54
- 2026World Action Models: The Next Frontier in Embodied AIcited by 46
- 2026LaWAM: Latent World Action Models for Efficient Dynamics-Aware Robot Policiescited by 46
- 2026ImageWAM: Do World Action Models Really Need Video Generation, or Just Image Editing?cited by 33
- 2026Native Video-Action Pretraining for Generalizable Robot Controlcited by 30
- 2025DyWA: Dynamics-adaptive World Action Model for Generalizable Non-prehensile Manipulationcited by 21
- 2026Light-WAM: Efficient World Action Models with State-Fusion Action Decodingcited by 19
- 2026TriAttention: Efficient Long Reasoning with Trigonometric KV Compressioncited by 18
- 2026Efficient-WAM: A 1B-Parameter World-Action Model with Low-Cost Future Imaginationcited by 17
- 2026OpenWAM: An Open, Modular Exploration Towards Systematic World-Action Model Pretrainingcited by 17
- 2026Flash-WAM: Modality-Aware Distillation for World Action Modelscited by 16
- 2026Faster-WAM: Efficient Inference-Time Future Conditioning for Robust World Action Modelscited by 14
- 2023Eventful Transformers: Leveraging Temporal Redundancy in Vision Transformerscited by 13
- 2026GigaWorld-1: A Roadmap to Build World Models for Robot Policy Evaluationcited by 10
- 2026GigaWorld-Policy-0.5: A Faster and Stronger WAM Empowered by AutoResearchcited by 10
- 2026Faster-WAM: Do World Action Models Need Deep Action Modules?cited by 9
- 2026Flex-π: A Multi-Stream World-Action Model with Compute Flexibilitycited by 9
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