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WAM-Cache: Staleness-Bounded KV Reuse for Efficient World Action Models

arXiv 2610.11401 ↗First posted 8 Oct 2026cs.RO cs.CV cs.LGcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

World Action Models (WAMs) enable generalist robot manipulation by conditioning an action expert on representations from a pretrained video Diffusion Transformer (DiT). In closed-loop control, the video DiT runs at every chunk to encode the current observation into layerwise key-value (KV) pairs that the action expert queries. This prefill dominates the per-chunk computational cost, yet existing training-free accelerations leave it fully dense. We present WAM-Cache, a training-free framework that retains layerwise key-value representations across chunks and recomputes only a sparse refresh set of tokens. Crucially, we find that the intuitive heuristic of refreshing visually drifted tokens plateaus far below the dense baseline, even with an oracle predicting ground-truth KV drift. Downstream action accuracy is instead governed by where the action expert attends, not by what moved. WAM-Cache therefore selects the refresh set by uniting the action expert's cross-attention with visual latent surprise, complemented by a strict age bound that suppresses compounding error. On Fast-WAM, WAM-Cache cuts video DiT prefill FLOPs by 32-42% across RoboTwin 2.0, LIBERO, and real-world experiments, while staying within 0.7-1.8 percentage points of the dense policy in simulation and 2.5 points on a real robot.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 66 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2026.

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References · 66

  1. 2023RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Controlcited by 2,993
  2. 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,777
  3. 2025Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Modelscited by 2,536
  4. 2024π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Controlcited by 2,297
  5. 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,338
  6. 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 995
  7. 2025Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform for Physical AIcited by 833
  8. 2024An Image is Worth 1/2 Tokens After Layer 2: Plug-and-Play Inference Acceleration for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 629
  9. 2023Learning Universal Policies via Text-Guided Video Generationcited by 506
  10. 2025RoboTwin 2.0: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark with Strong Domain Randomization for Robust Bimanual Robotic Manipulationcited by 477
  11. 2026World Action Models are Zero-shot Policiescited by 411
  12. 2023Unleashing Large-Scale Video Generative Pre-training for Visual Robot Manipulationcited by 353
38 more
  1. 2025WorldVLA: Towards Autoregressive Action World Modelcited by 351
  2. 2023DeepCache: Accelerating Diffusion Models for Freecited by 346
  3. 20243D-VLA: A 3D Vision-Language-Action Generative World Modelcited by 320
  4. 2026Fast-WAM: Do World Action Models Need Test-time Future Imagination?cited by 311
  5. 2024GR-2: A Generative Video-Language-Action Model with Web-Scale Knowledge for Robot Manipulationcited by 290
  6. 2026Causal World Modeling for Robot Controlcited by 289
  7. 2024Video Prediction Policy: A Generalist Robot Policy with Predictive Visual Representationscited by 279
  8. 2026Cosmos Policy: Fine-Tuning Video Models for Visuomotor Control and Planningcited by 274
  9. 2025Motus: A Unified Latent Action World Modelcited by 231
  10. 2025Unified World Models: Coupling Video and Action Diffusion for Pretraining on Large Robotic Datasetscited by 218
  11. 2025Unified Video Action Modelcited by 195
  12. 2024RoboDreamer: Learning Compositional World Models for Robot Imaginationcited by 187
  13. 2025DreamGen: Unlocking Generalization in Robot Learning through Video World Modelscited by 168
  14. 2024Accelerating Diffusion Transformers with Token-wise Feature Cachingcited by 143
  15. 2024Gen2Act: Human Video Generation in Novel Scenarios enables Generalizable Robot Manipulationcited by 142
  16. 2025mimic-video: Video-Action Models for Generalizable Robot Control Beyond VLAscited by 133
  17. 2025Genie Envisioner: A Unified World Foundation Platform for Robotic Manipulationcited by 129
  18. 2026GigaWorld-Policy: An Efficient Action-Centered World--Action Modelcited by 129
  19. 2025Video Generators are Robot Policiescited by 86
  20. 2024One-Step Diffusion Policy: Fast Visuomotor Policies via Diffusion Distillationcited by 83
  21. 2025VLA-Cache: Efficient Vision-Language-Action Manipulation via Adaptive Token Cachingcited by 83
  22. 2026Motubrain: An Advanced World Action Model for Robot Controlcited by 54
  23. 2026World Action Models: The Next Frontier in Embodied AIcited by 46
  24. 2026LaWAM: Latent World Action Models for Efficient Dynamics-Aware Robot Policiescited by 46
  25. 2026ImageWAM: Do World Action Models Really Need Video Generation, or Just Image Editing?cited by 33
  26. 2026Native Video-Action Pretraining for Generalizable Robot Controlcited by 30
  27. 2025DyWA: Dynamics-adaptive World Action Model for Generalizable Non-prehensile Manipulationcited by 21
  28. 2026Light-WAM: Efficient World Action Models with State-Fusion Action Decodingcited by 19
  29. 2026TriAttention: Efficient Long Reasoning with Trigonometric KV Compressioncited by 18
  30. 2026Efficient-WAM: A 1B-Parameter World-Action Model with Low-Cost Future Imaginationcited by 17
  31. 2026OpenWAM: An Open, Modular Exploration Towards Systematic World-Action Model Pretrainingcited by 17
  32. 2026Flash-WAM: Modality-Aware Distillation for World Action Modelscited by 16
  33. 2026Faster-WAM: Efficient Inference-Time Future Conditioning for Robust World Action Modelscited by 14
  34. 2023Eventful Transformers: Leveraging Temporal Redundancy in Vision Transformerscited by 13
  35. 2026GigaWorld-1: A Roadmap to Build World Models for Robot Policy Evaluationcited by 10
  36. 2026GigaWorld-Policy-0.5: A Faster and Stronger WAM Empowered by AutoResearchcited by 10
  37. 2026Faster-WAM: Do World Action Models Need Deep Action Modules?cited by 9
  38. 2026Flex-π: A Multi-Stream World-Action Model with Compute Flexibilitycited by 9

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