Restore What Matters: Lessons from Joint Restoration and Recognition

Recognition pipelines typically adopt a restore-then-recognize workflow, yet decades of experience show that generating visually pleasing images seldom translates to improved recognition. We propose a Joint Restoration-for-Recognition (JR2) paradigm: restore only what downstream tasks truly require, with task signals dictating where, how much, and whether restoration is necessary. JR2 rests on three pillars: (i) Physics, employing optics-accurate turbulence simulation, extensible to blur and noise, to ground restoration in real image formation; (ii) Neuroscience, drawing on selective attention and neuroplasticity to direct model capacity toward identity-critical regions and frames while bypassing already-clean inputs; and (iii) Vision & Learning, coupling recognition loss end-to-end through restoration and alignment so that low-level edits maximize high-level identity stability. Evaluations on IARPA-BRIAR show consistent improvements (e.g., [email protected]% FAR +0.6; FNIR@1% FPIR -2.5), while a quality gate skips ~70% of clean frames, reducing cost. Ablations confirm physics priors enhance realism, joint training prevents catastrophic forgetting, and selective restoration suffices in many cases. We conclude that better-looking images are neither necessary nor sufficient; restoration modules must be task-driven, selective, and physically aware. Code, pretrained models, and recipes are provided for integration.