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Accelerating Atmospheric Turbulence Simulation via Learned Phase-to-Space Transform

arXiv 2107.11627 ↗First posted 24 Jul 2021eess.IV cs.CV physics.flu-dyncited by 50

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Abstract (arXiv)

Fast and accurate simulation of imaging through atmospheric turbulence is essential for developing turbulence mitigation algorithms. Recognizing the limitations of previous approaches, we introduce a new concept known as the phase-to-space (P2S) transform to significantly speed up the simulation. P2S is build upon three ideas: (1) reformulating the spatially varying convolution as a set of invariant convolutions with basis functions, (2) learning the basis function via the known turbulence statistics models, (3) implementing the P2S transform via a light-weight network that directly convert the phase representation to spatial representation. The new simulator offers 300x -- 1000x speed up compared to the mainstream split-step simulators while preserving the essential turbulence statistics.

Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jul 2021.

Builds on

6 of 37 references.

References · 6

  1. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  2. 2020Image Reconstruction of Static and Dynamic Scenes through Anisoplanatic Turbulencecited by 30
  3. 2020Simulating Anisoplanatic Turbulence by Sampling Inter-modal and Spatially Correlated Zernike Coefficientscited by 27
  4. 2018Subsampled Turbulence Removal Networkcited by 22
  5. 2017Restoration of Atmospheric Turbulence-distorted Images via RPCA and Quasiconformal Mapscited by 18
  6. 2020Learning to Restore a Single Face Image Degraded by Atmospheric Turbulence using CNNscited by 12

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 9; 2023: 9; 2024: 14; 2025: 9; 2026: 8.

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  1. 2022Single Frame Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigation: A Benchmark Study and A New Physics-Inspired Transformer Modelcited by 37
  2. 2022AT-DDPM: Restoring Faces degraded by Atmospheric Turbulence using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 33
  3. 2022Imaging through the Atmosphere using Turbulence Mitigation Transformercited by 31
  4. 2023FarSight: A Physics-Driven Whole-Body Biometric System at Large Distance and Altitudecited by 27
  5. 2023Physics-Driven Turbulence Image Restoration with Stochastic Refinementcited by 24
  6. 2024Spatio-Temporal Turbulence Mitigation: A Translational Perspectivecited by 22
  7. 2021LTT-GAN: Looking Through Turbulence by Inverting GANscited by 21
  8. 2022Atmospheric Turbulence Removal with Complex-Valued Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 21
  9. 2025Person Recognition at Altitude and Range: Fusion of Face, Body Shape and Gaitcited by 13
  10. 2022TurbuGAN: An Adversarial Learning Approach to Spatially-Varying Multiframe Blind Deconvolution with Applications to Imaging Through Turbulencecited by 11
  11. 2024Deep Learning Techniques for Atmospheric Turbulence Removal: A Reviewcited by 10
  12. 2025Learning Phase Distortion with Selective State Space Models for Video Turbulence Mitigationcited by 9
38 more
  1. 2024Long-range Turbulence Mitigation: A Large-scale Dataset and A Coarse-to-fine Frameworkcited by 8
  2. 2023Atmospheric Turbulence Correction via Variational Deep Diffusioncited by 7
  3. 2024Turb-Seg-Res: A Segment-then-Restore Pipeline for Dynamic Videos with Atmospheric Turbulencecited by 7
  4. 2024Diffeomorphic Template Registration for Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigationcited by 6
  5. 2024DeTurb: Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigation with Deformable 3D Convolutions and 3D Swin Transformerscited by 6
  6. 2025MAMAT: 3D Mamba-Based Atmospheric Turbulence Removal and its Object Detection Capabilitycited by 5
  7. 2022Object recognition in atmospheric turbulence scenescited by 4
  8. 2023Weakly Supervised Face and Whole Body Recognition in Turbulent Environmentscited by 4
  9. 2024Real-World Atmospheric Turbulence Correction via Domain Adaptationcited by 4
  10. 2022A comparison of different atmospheric turbulence simulation methods for image restorationcited by 3
  11. 2024CATFace: Cross-Attribute-Guided Transformer with Self-Attention Distillation for Low-Quality Face Recognitioncited by 3
  12. 2023NeRT: Implicit Neural Representations for General Unsupervised Turbulence Mitigationcited by 2
  13. 2024Source-free Domain Adaptation for Video Object Detection Under Adverse Image Conditionscited by 2
  14. 2025Are you In or Out (of gallery)? Wisdom from the Same-Identity Crowdcited by 2
  15. 2025SLCFormer: Spectral-Local Context Transformer with Physics-Grounded Flare Synthesis for Nighttime Flare Removalcited by 2
  16. 2022Thermal to Visible Image Synthesis under Atmospheric Turbulencecited by 1
  17. 2024Reconstructing Satellites in 3D from Amateur Telescope Imagescited by 1
  18. 2025DMAT: An End-to-End Framework for Joint Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigation and Object Detectioncited by 1
  19. 2025Unsupervised Methods for Video Quality Improvement: A Survey of Restoration and Enhancement Techniquescited by 1
  20. 2025RMFAT: Recurrent Multi-scale Feature Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigatorcited by 1
  21. 2026Continuous Exposure-Time Modeling for Realistic Atmospheric Turbulence Synthesiscited by 1
  22. 2026Robust Onion: Peeling Open Vocab Object Detectors Under Noisecited by 1
  23. 20222nd Place Solutions for UG2+ Challenge 2022 -- D3Net for Mitigating Atmospheric Turbulence from Imagescited by 0
  24. 2023DaliID: Distortion-Adaptive Learned Invariance for Identification Modelscited by 0
  25. 20231st Solution Places for CVPR 2023 UG2+ Challenge Track 2.2-Coded Target Restoration through Atmospheric Turbulencecited by 0
  26. 2023Unsupervised Region-Growing Network for Object Segmentation in Atmospheric Turbulencecited by 0
  27. 2023ConVRT: Consistent Video Restoration Through Turbulence with Test-time Optimization of Neural Video Representationscited by 0
  28. 2024Atmospheric Turbulence Removal with Video Sequence Deep Visual Priorscited by 0
  29. 2024How to Augment for Atmospheric Turbulence Effects on Thermal Adapted Object Detection Models?cited by 0
  30. 2024Turbulence Strength Cn2 Estimation from Video using Physics-based Deep Learningcited by 0
  31. 2024Probabilistic Prior Driven Attention Mechanism Based on Diffusion Model for Imaging Through Atmospheric Turbulencecited by 0
  32. 2025JDATT: A Joint Distillation Framework for Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigation and Target Detectioncited by 0
  33. 2026GSTurb: Gaussian Splatting for Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigationcited by 0
  34. 2026High-speed Imaging through Turbulence with Event-based Light Fieldscited by 0
  35. 2026D2Turb: Depth-Aware Simulation and Decoupled Learning for Single-Frame Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigationcited by 0
  36. 2026AirflowAttack: Thermal-Airflow Adversarial Perturbations against Infrared Remote-Sensing Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
  37. 2026Restore What Matters: Lessons from Joint Restoration and Recognitioncited by 0
  38. 2026ASTRA-SR: Atmospheric Seeing and Turbulence Restoration for Astronomical Image Super-Resolutioncited by 0