Activity Frames: Deterministic Screen-Activity Compilation for Agent Memory and Replay
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems
Abstract (arXiv)
Computer-use agents pay full frontier inference to re-derive routines their user has already performed, because an agent's memory today records what the user said, not what the user did. We compile passively captured screen activity into agent memory with a deterministic, zero-model pipeline: it segments a local capture stream into typed activity frames, bounded episodes carrying application, site, timing, input volume, and evidence pointers back to the raw rows, with no model in the loop, so the output is byte-identical, cacheable, and mechanically auditable. On one professional's single-user corpus of 128,756 frames over 51 active days, the compiler reduces a day of raw capture to a prompt-ready context block 86x smaller in 68 ms, and an agent reading that block answers questions about the day at 98.4% accuracy (Wilson 95% CI 91.7-99.7%) against an independent oracle, versus 66-80% for an LLM summary of the same capture, a mid-tier model reading the block matching a frontier one. The same compiler doubles as a demand-side cost instrument. Read off passive, pre-delegation human activity rather than agent rollouts, it supplies two parameters that agent-cost models assume but, to our knowledge, have not measured: the Routine Overhead Ratio R and the routine recurrence h. We report first values of R, a modeled upper bound, at 60-343x, and a delegable recurrence of 9.0% in-sample and 7.7% out-of-sample, for a realistic all-fleet token ceiling near 8%; a compiled routine replays deterministically with the model out of the loop, demonstrated live at zero model tokens on a guard-matched hit. Schema, compiler, and evaluation harness are open.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 35 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2026.
Builds on
35 of 52 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
- 2026E-mem: Multi-agent based Episodic Context Reconstruction for LLM Agent Memory29 Jan
- 2025Learning Hierarchical Procedural Memory for LLM Agents through Bayesian Selection and Contrastive Refinement22 Dec
- 2025MIRIX: Multi-Agent Memory System for LLM-Based Agents10 Jul
- 2025Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memory28 Apr
- 2025Position: Episodic Memory is the Missing Piece for Long-Term LLM Agents10 Feb
- 2025Zep: A Temporal Knowledge Graph Architecture for Agent Memory20 Jan
Other references · 29
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- 2023FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performancecited by 791
- 2024Agent Workflow Memorycited by 342
- 2024Personal LLM Agents: Insights and Survey about the Capability, Efficiency and Securitycited by 257
- 2024AI Agents That Mattercited by 199
- 2025SkillWeaver: Web Agents can Self-Improve by Discovering and Honing Skillscited by 174
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 160
- 2024AgentTrek: Agent Trajectory Synthesis via Guiding Replay with Web Tutorialscited by 123
- 2025A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Modelscited by 120
- 2025Inducing Programmatic Skills for Agentic Taskscited by 103
17 more
- 2025On Memory Construction and Retrieval for Personalized Conversational Agentscited by 101
- 2025Holistic Agent Leaderboard: The Missing Infrastructure for AI Agent Evaluationcited by 83
- 2025Explorer: Scaling Exploration-driven Web Trajectory Synthesis for Multimodal Web Agentscited by 68
- 2026Externalization in LLM Agents: A Unified Review of Memory, Skills, Protocols and Harness Engineeringcited by 68
- 2025Cost-of-Pass: An Economic Framework for Evaluating Language Modelscited by 35
- 2025LLM-Powered GUI Agents in Phone Automation: Surveying Progress and Prospectscited by 31
- 2025Agent Data Protocol: Unifying Datasets for Diverse, Effective Fine-tuning of LLM Agentscited by 16
- 2026ProAgentBench: Evaluating LLM Agents for Proactive Assistance with Real-World Datacited by 15
- 2026Securing LLM-Agent Long-Term Memory Against Poisoning: Non-Malleable, Origin-Bound Authority with Machine-Checked Guaranteescited by 14
- 2024OmniQuery: Contextually Augmenting Captured Multimodal Memory to Enable Personal Question Answeringcited by 10
- 2024SummAct: Uncovering User Intentions Through Interactive Behaviour Summarisationcited by 9
- 2025Watch and Learn: Learning to Use Computers from Online Videoscited by 9
- 2026PreAct: Computer-Using Agents that Get Faster on Repeated Taskscited by 4
- 2022DBSP: Automatic Incremental View Maintenance for Rich Query Languagescited by 2
- 2026MRMMIA: Membership Inference Attacks on Memory in Chat Agentscited by 2
- 2026FOCAL: Filtered On-device Continuous Activity Logging for Efficient Personal Desktop Summarizationcited by 1
- 2026cotomi Act: Learning to Automate Work by Watching Youcited by 1
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