M3-DuplexBench: A Multi-Turn, Multilingual, Multidomain Benchmark for Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue Models

Full-duplex spoken dialogue systems (FDSDSs) can listen while speaking, enabling natural conversational behaviors such as smooth turn-taking, backchannel handling, and user barge-in handling. However, controlled comparisons of FDSDSs in multi-turn interaction remain challenging, and existing benchmarks offer limited joint coverage of multiple languages, dialogue settings, interaction timing, and response content. We propose M3-DuplexBench, a multi-turn, multilingual, multidomain benchmark for controlled evaluation of FDSDSs. The benchmark jointly evaluates interaction timing and response content in English and Japanese across casual conversation and multi-turn question answering. The English and Japanese question-answering data are derived from a common source corpus, enabling cross-lingual comparisons of timing and content performance. We also provide a reference-conditioned multi-turn setting as an optional diagnostic for examining sensitivity to dialogue history and trajectory mismatch. Experiments with diverse FDSDSs reveal model-specific interaction patterns, differences across languages and domains, and model-dependent effects of dialogue context on both timing and content. The benchmark is available at https://github.com/nttcslab-sp/m3-duplexbench.