CanonicalPhys: Pose-Robust Remote Photoplethysmography via Canonical-Space Priors

Deep remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) attains sub-bpm heart-rate error on frontal, stationary faces yet degrades sharply under head pose: on MMPD, the state-of-the-art FactorizePhys backbone's MAE grows 1.60× from frontal (|yaw|<15^circ) to large-yaw (|yaw|≥45^circ) frames. We argue that pose is a coordinate-structural nuisance rather than a data-augmentation problem: in image coordinates the same pixel maps to different anatomy at different poses, blocking three priors otherwise natural for rPPG, namely the dichromatic reflection model, pulse-phase invariance across skin regions, and the POS/CHROM chromaticity projection, each of which presumes a stable anatomy-to-pixel mapping. We introduce CanonicalPhys, which prepends a differentiable four-point homography that fixes four facial anchors at canonical positions; in this canonical frame the three priors become expressible as a per-pixel Lambertian weight, a cross-ROI temporal consistency loss, and knowledge distillation from windowed POS, none of which adds trainable parameters over the backbone. At an identical parameter count, CanonicalPhys reduces MMPD's frontal-to-large-yaw MAE degradation from 1.60× to 1.33× and flattens the mild-yaw bin from 1.32× to 1.07× (across CanonicalPhys variants), with matched cross-dataset MAE reductions of up to 32% on pose-rich targets. Code: https://github.com/infraface/CanonicalPhys