CATCH-ME if you RAG: a dataset of Contextually Annotated multi-Turn Counterspeech against Hate and Misinformation Exchanges
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Abstract (arXiv)
Online hate speech and misinformation frequently overlap, yet NLP research has mainly treated them in isolation. While LLMs represent a scalable solution for assisting humans in the generation of counterspeech for both threats, zero-shot models frequently generate repetitive and vague responses, underscoring the need for high-quality examples to steer model generation. However, existing counterspeech datasets against the overlap of hate and misinformation are scarce and limited to single-turn English dialogues, while real-life interactions span across multiple turns and languages. To bridge this gap, we introduce the first large-scale, expert-curated, multilingual dataset of dialogues tackling the intersection of hate and misinformation. To ensure factual grounding, the dialogues are also anchored in verified external knowledge (i.e., fact-checking articles and NGO reports) and include document- and chunk-level span annotations, making it directly applicable for RAG systems. Covering five languages and targeting hate directed at seven marginalized groups, this novel resource enables the training and evaluation of more persuasive, factually grounded counterspeech models.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Jun 2026.
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References · 27
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15 more
- 2018Thou shalt not hate: Countering Online Hate Speechcited by 64
- 2020Generating Counter Narratives against Online Hate Speech: Data and Strategiescited by 59
- 2021Towards Knowledge-Grounded Counter Narrative Generation for Hate Speechcited by 42
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- 2024Face the Facts! Evaluating RAG-based Pipelines for Professional Fact-Checkingcited by 5
- 2026Assisted Counterspeech Writing at the Crossroads of Hate Speech and Misinformationcited by 1
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- 2026Counter with Evidence! A Multi-Agent Memory Efficient Reasoning Framework for Hate Category Informed Counterspeech Generation
- 2023HateRephrase: Zero- and Few-Shot Reduction of Hate Intensity in Online Posts using Large Language Models
- 2024Consolidating Strategies for Countering Hate Speech Using Persuasive Dialogues
- 2025CSEval: Towards Automated, Multi-Dimensional, and Reference-Free Counterspeech Evaluation using Auto-Calibrated LLMs
- 2026PEACE 2.0: Grounded Explanations and Counter-Speech for Combating Hate Expressions
- 2025Beating Harmful Stereotypes Through Facts: RAG-based Counter-speech Generation
- 2024Outcome-Constrained Large Language Models for Countering Hate Speech
- 2024Decoding Hate: Exploring Language Models' Reactions to Hate Speech