mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

The Post-GCN Decade Revisited: Curvature-Stratified Evaluation of Relational Learning

arXiv 2606.06397 ↗First posted 4 Jun 2026cs.LGcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Current evaluation practices in relational learning rely heavily on flat leaderboards that average performance across heterogeneous datasets, implicitly assuming a uniform underlying structure. We show that this assumption introduces systematic bias: it obscures geometry-dependent performance variations and can lead to misleading conclusions about model generalization. In this work, we identify intrinsic geometry as a key latent factor governing model effectiveness. We demonstrate that conventional aggregated metrics mask critical performance trade-offs that only become visible when datasets are stratified by their geometric properties. To address this issue, we introduce a curvature-stratified evaluation framework that partitions datasets into positive, negative, and near-zero curvature regimes. Our benchmark evaluates 18 representative models including Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), Graph Foundation Models (GFMs), and tabular learning methods across 14 datasets. We find that model rankings are highly stable within each curvature regime but shift significantly across regimes, indicating that performance is fundamentally geometry-dependent rather than universally transferable. Notably, we identify regimes where GFMs offer diminishing returns compared to geometry-aligned GNNs. Based on these findings, we propose a geometry-aware evaluation protocol that yields more reliable and interpretable comparisons than standard aggregated benchmarks. We release all code, curvature-stratified dataset splits, and evaluation tools to support reproducible and rigorous assessment of future relational learning methods. Code and datasets are provided in our project homepage: https://sirbabbage.github.io/CurvBench_HOME/.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jun 2026.

Builds on

45 of 61 references.

References · 45

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33 more
  1. 2020Benchmarking Graph Neural Networkscited by 672
  2. 2019Hyperbolic Graph Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 400
  3. 2018Hyperbolic Neural Networkscited by 393
  4. 2019Hyperbolic Graph Neural Networkscited by 244
  5. 2020Design Space for Graph Neural Networkscited by 182
  6. 2021Are we really making much progress? Revisiting, benchmarking, and refining heterogeneous graph neural networkscited by 176
  7. 2021Fully Hyperbolic Neural Networkscited by 107
  8. 2019Constant Curvature Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 106
  9. 2024RelBench: A Benchmark for Deep Learning on Relational Databasescited by 90
  10. 2019Mixed-curvature Variational Autoencoderscited by 85
  11. 2024Position: Graph Foundation Models are Already Herecited by 84
  12. 2024All in One and One for All: A Simple yet Effective Method towards Cross-domain Graph Pretrainingcited by 84
  13. 2019Hyperbolic Graph Attention Networkcited by 69
  14. 2024CARTE: Pretraining and Transfer for Tabular Learningcited by 69
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  16. 2025SAMGPT: Text-free Graph Foundation Model for Multi-domain Pre-training and Cross-domain Adaptationcited by 61
  17. 2023Relational Deep Learning: Graph Representation Learning on Relational Databasescited by 55
  18. 2024Text-Free Multi-domain Graph Pre-training: Toward Graph Foundation Modelscited by 41
  19. 2025Multi-Domain Graph Foundation Models: Robust Knowledge Transfer via Topology Alignmentcited by 41
  20. 2025Graph Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 39
  21. 2021Pseudo-Riemannian Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 30
  22. 2025Turning Tabular Foundation Models into Graph Foundation Modelscited by 30
  23. 2023PC-Conv: Unifying Homophily and Heterophily with Two-fold Filteringcited by 28
  24. 2021Curvature Graph Neural Networkcited by 24
  25. 2024GraphMoRE: Mitigating Topological Heterogeneity via Mixture of Riemannian Expertscited by 23
  26. 2015Ricci Curvature of the Internet Topologycited by 22
  27. 2022TeleGraph: A Benchmark Dataset for Hierarchical Link Predictioncited by 6
  28. 2025GraphOracle: Efficient Fully-Inductive Knowledge Graph Reasoning via Relation-Dependency Graphscited by 6
  29. 2025Cooperation of Experts: Fusing Heterogeneous Information with Large Margincited by 6
  30. 2025Spectro-Riemannian Graph Neural Networkscited by 5
  31. 2025SA2GFM: Enhancing Robust Graph Foundation Models with Structure-Aware Semantic Augmentationcited by 5
  32. 2026Multi-Domain Riemannian Graph Gluing for Building Graph Foundation Modelscited by 4
  33. 2025MoSE: Unveiling Structural Patterns in Graphs via Mixture of Subgraph Expertscited by 3

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.