mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Sentinel: Embodied Cooperative Spatial Reasoning and Planning

arXiv 2605.26239 ↗First posted 25 May 2026cs.CV cs.MAcited by 0

On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

In this work, we study Cooperative Spatial Intelligence, the ability of decentralized embodied agents to coordinate effectively under dynamic environmental constraints across city-scale outdoor domains. We introduce Sentinel Challenge, a benchmark where multiple decentralized embodied agents must communicate in natural language to agree on a mutually safe and convenient meeting point within large, city-scale outdoor environments. Each agent must then navigate safely while avoiding dynamic sentinels patrolling the area, using a tool that provides coarse spatial information. To address this, we propose CoSaR (Cooperative Spatial Reasoning and Planning), a framework that bridges the high-level communication and planning abilities of foundation models with the precision of classical spatial navigation algorithms. CoSaR enables agents to exchange situational updates, reason over evolving spatial constraints, and collaboratively replan trajectories. Evaluated across 14 city-level scenes with 3-5 agents, CoSaR consistently leads to faster gathering, shorter path lengths, and improved safety. Our results demonstrate that integrating dynamic communication with spatial reasoning is essential for robust multi-agent cooperation. By formalizing this new setting and providing a scalable benchmark, we aim to build a foundation for advancing cooperative spatial intelligence in embodied multi-agent systems. Code and challenge are available at https://github.com/UMass-Embodied-AGI/Sentinel.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 26 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 May 2026.

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26 of 72 references.

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Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Scene-LLM: Extending Language Model for 3D Visual Understanding and Reasoning18 Mar

Other references · 25

  1. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
  2. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
  3. 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,274
  4. 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,784
  5. 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,777
  6. 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,302
  7. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,203
  8. 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,081
  9. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,422
  10. 2017AI2-THOR: An Interactive 3D Environment for Visual AIcited by 850
  11. 2018On Evaluation of Embodied Navigation Agentscited by 526
  12. 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agentscited by 422
13 more
  1. 2022Visual Language Maps for Robot Navigationcited by 362
  2. 2019DD-PPO: Learning Near-Perfect PointGoal Navigators from 2.5 Billion Framescited by 352
  3. 2023Habitat 3.0: A Co-Habitat for Humans, Avatars and Robotscited by 220
  4. 2023ViNT: A Foundation Model for Visual Navigationcited by 210
  5. 2022CoWs on Pasture: Baselines and Benchmarks for Language-Driven Zero-Shot Object Navigationcited by 194
  6. 2023RoCo: Dialectic Multi-Robot Collaboration with Large Language Modelscited by 171
  7. 2018Mapping Instructions to Actions in 3D Environments with Visual Goal Predictioncited by 101
  8. 2021Skill Induction and Planning with Latent Languagecited by 99
  9. 2024COMBO: Compositional World Models for Embodied Multi-Agent Cooperationcited by 47
  10. 2019Neural MMO: A Massively Multiagent Game Environment for Training and Evaluating Intelligent Agentscited by 42
  11. 2025Virtual Community: An Open World for Humans, Robots, and Societycited by 13
  12. 2024CaPo: Cooperative Plan Optimization for Efficient Embodied Multi-Agent Cooperationcited by 12
  13. 2025Ella: Embodied Social Agents with Lifelong Memorycited by 4

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