mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Let EEG Models Learn EEG

arXiv 2605.21280 ↗First posted 20 May 2026cs.CVcited by 7

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Abstract (arXiv)

High-fidelity EEG generation is critical for alleviating data scarcity and addressing privacy constraints in large-scale neural modeling. Despite recent progress, most existing approaches formulate EEG generation via discrete denoising objectives, which inadequately reflect the inherently continuous temporal dynamics and spectral structure of neural activity. As a result, these methods often struggle to preserve long-range temporal dependencies and exhibit mismatches in the spectral and temporal structure of the generated signals. In this work, we argue that effective EEG generation requires models that operate directly on the continuous evolution of neural signals. We introduce Just EEG Transformer (JET), a generative framework based on conditional flow matching that models EEG as raw sequences evolving along continuous trajectories. By learning a smooth vector field that transports noise to the EEG data distribution, JET captures temporal continuity and transient dynamics without relying on discretized denoising schemes or domain-specific representations. To ensure that the learned dynamics remain consistent with key properties of EEG signals, we introduce principled constraints that preserve spectral structure, temporal stationarity, and signal-level statistics. Across three large-scale benchmarks, JET consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance, reducing TS-FID by over 40% compared to strong baselines. Extensive analyses show that JET captures key structural properties of neural dynamics, providing a scalable and principled approach to EEG generation. Project page: https://y-research-sbu.github.io/JET/ .

Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 67 of its 94 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2026.

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67 of 94 references.

References · 67

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38 more
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 7.

7 papers.

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  1. 2024Enhancing EEG Signal Generation through a Hybrid Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning and Diffusion Models
  2. 2025EEGDM: Learning EEG Representation with Latent Diffusion Model
  3. 2024Synthesizing EEG Signals from Event-Related Potential Paradigms with Conditional Diffusion Models
  4. 2026GRFBrain: Graph-Structured Rectified Flows for EEG Dynamic Modeling
  5. 2025A Survey on Bridging EEG Signals and Generative AI: From Image and Text to Beyond
  6. 2026B[FM]2: Brain Foundation Model via Flow Matching with SplitUNet
  7. 2026TRACE: Temporal Routing with Autoregressive Cross-channel Experts for EEG Representation Learning
  8. 2025Synthetic EEG Generation using Diffusion Models for Motor Imagery Tasks