mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

ZenBrain: A Neuroscience-Inspired 7-Layer Memory Architecture for Autonomous AI Systems

arXiv 2604.23878 ↗First posted 26 Apr 2026cs.AI cs.LGcited by 1

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems

Abstract (arXiv)

ZenBrain is a seven-layer, neuroscience-derived memory architecture for LLM agents that unifies fifteen mechanisms - from Two-Factor synaptic consolidation to a Simulation-Selection sleep loop - under a single MemoryCoordinator: nine foundational algorithms plus six Predictive Memory Architecture components. No system among those we survey integrates more than two of them. Ablating each mechanism separately exposes an effect we call cooperative masking. Under moderate load, fourteen of the fifteen ablations look costless - the architecture reads as mostly dead weight. Raising decay to 0.25/day over 60 days, with no change to the mechanisms, makes nine of the fifteen individually critical (Delta-Q up to -93.7%; Wilcoxon, 10 seeds), five of them moving from exactly 0% to below -89%. The mechanisms form a cooperative survival network, and mild-load ablation systematically underestimates architectural contributions - a caution we conjecture applies beyond ZenBrain. Every ablation table reproduces in under one minute on a laptop (npm install, no API keys). On LongMemEval-500, ZenBrain wins all nine head-to-head answer-quality comparisons (3 competitors x 3 LLM judges) against Letta, Mem0 and A-Mem under Bonferroni-corrected significance (alpha=0.05/18, p_min=6.2e-31, d in [0.18, 0.52]), and reaches 91.3% of a full-context oracle's binary-judge accuracy at 1/106th of the per-query token cost (47.7% vs. 52.2%). Multi-layer routing beats a flat single-layer baseline by +20.7% F1 on LoCoMo; a NoDecay ablation shows principled forgetting costs only Delta-P@5=0.002. Honest scope: LoCoMo's substring-based aggregate F1 favors lexical retrieval (BM25) by metric design, and we do not contest this. ZenBrain's advantages are most pronounced on judge-graded answer quality and cross-session reasoning.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 23 of its 89 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Apr 2026.

Builds on

23 of 89 references.

Closest ancestors · 14

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026Multi-Layered Memory Architectures for LLM Agents: An Experimental Evaluation of Long-Term Context Retention31 Mar
  2. 2026Memory for Autonomous LLM Agents:Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Emerging Frontiers8 Mar
  3. 2026MemoryArena: Benchmarking Agent Memory in Interdependent Multi-Session Agentic Tasks18 Feb
  4. 2026MemCoRe: Recovering Evidence from Progressively Compressed Factual Knowledge for Agent Memory8 Feb
  5. 2026FadeMem: Biologically-Inspired Forgetting for Efficient Agent Memory26 Jan
  6. 2025Hindsight is 20/20: Building Agent Memory that Retains, Recalls, and Reflects14 Dec
  7. 2025General Agentic Memory Via Deep Research23 Nov
  8. 2025Evaluating Memory in LLM Agents via Incremental Multi-Turn Interactions7 Jul
  9. 2025G-Memory: Tracing Hierarchical Memory for Multi-Agent Systems9 Jun
  10. 2025Memory OS of AI Agent30 May
  11. 2025Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memory28 Apr
  12. 2025A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents17 Feb
2 more
  1. 2025Zep: A Temporal Knowledge Graph Architecture for Agent Memory20 Jan
  2. 2024Evaluating Very Long-Term Conversational Memory of LLM Agents27 Feb

Other references · 9

  1. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,787
  2. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,276
  3. 2023MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systemscited by 1,389
  4. 2024LongMemEval: Benchmarking Chat Assistants on Long-Term Interactive Memorycited by 707
  5. 2024HippoRAG: Neurobiologically Inspired Long-Term Memory for Large Language Modelscited by 281
  6. 2025LightMem: Lightweight and Efficient Memory-Augmented Generationcited by 180
  7. 2025Optimizing the Interface Between Knowledge Graphs and LLMs for Complex Reasoningcited by 17
  8. 2026Learning to Forget: Sleep-Inspired Memory Consolidation for Resolving Proactive Interference in Large Language Modelscited by 7
  9. 2026Spatial Metaphors for LLM Memory: A Critical Analysis of the MemPalace Architecturecited by 1

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

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  8. 2026Brain-inspired AI for Edge Intelligence: a systematic review