mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

ParetoSlider: Diffusion Models Post-Training for Continuous Reward Control

arXiv 2604.20816 ↗First posted 22 Apr 2026cs.LG cs.CVcited by 2

On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion and flow policies for robotics

also in 2 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Reinforcement Learning (RL) post-training has become the standard for aligning generative models with human preferences, yet most methods rely on a single scalar reward. When multiple criteria matter, the prevailing practice of ``early scalarization'' collapses rewards into a fixed weighted sum. This commits the model to a single trade-off point at training time, providing no inference-time control over inherently conflicting goals -- such as prompt adherence versus source fidelity in image editing. We introduce ParetoSlider, a multi-objective RL (MORL) framework that trains a single diffusion model to approximate the entire Pareto front. By training the model with continuously varying preference weights as a conditioning signal, we enable users to navigate optimal trade-offs at inference time without retraining or maintaining multiple checkpoints. We evaluate ParetoSlider across three state-of-the-art flow-matching backbones: SD3.5, FluxKontext, and LTX-2. Our single preference-conditioned model matches or exceeds the performance of baselines trained separately for fixed reward trade-offs, while uniquely providing fine-grained control over competing generative goals.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for robotics, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 41 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Apr 2026.

Builds on

41 of 48 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025DiffusionNFT: Online Diffusion Reinforcement with Forward Process19 Sep
  2. 2025Inference-Time Alignment Control for Diffusion Models with Reinforcement Learning Guidance28 Aug
  3. 2025MixGRPO: Unlocking Flow-based GRPO Efficiency with Mixed ODE-SDE29 Jul
  4. 2025Diffusion Blend: Inference-Time Multi-Preference Alignment for Diffusion Models24 May
  5. 2025Flow-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Models via Online RL8 May
  6. 2025Calibrated Multi-Preference Optimization for Aligning Diffusion Models4 Feb
  7. 2025Personalized Preference Fine-tuning of Diffusion Models11 Jan
  8. 2023Diffusion Model Alignment Using Direct Preference Optimization21 Nov
  9. 2023Directly Fine-Tuning Diffusion Models on Differentiable Rewards29 Sep
  10. 2023DPOK: Reinforcement Learning for Fine-tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models25 May
  11. 2023Training Diffusion Models with Reinforcement Learning22 May

Other references · 30

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  3. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
  4. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  5. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 6,013
  6. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  7. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
  8. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,344
  9. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,611
  10. 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,424
  11. 2023Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 977
  12. 2024Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technologycited by 916
18 more
  1. 2023Human Preference Score v2: A Solid Benchmark for Evaluating Human Preferences of Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 890
  2. 2024Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 656
  3. 2021A Practical Guide to Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning and Planningcited by 256
  4. 2023Rewarded soups: towards Pareto-optimal alignment by interpolating weights fine-tuned on diverse rewardscited by 243
  5. 2014A Survey of Multi-Objective Sequential Decision-Makingcited by 242
  6. 2026LTX-2: Efficient Joint Audio-Visual Foundation Modelcited by 236
  7. 2025HPSv3: Towards Wide-Spectrum Human Preference Scorecited by 211
  8. 2023VIEScore: Towards Explainable Metrics for Conditional Image Synthesis Evaluationcited by 201
  9. 2025Unified Reward Model for Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 199
  10. 2024Rewards-in-Context: Multi-objective Alignment of Foundation Models with Dynamic Preference Adjustmentcited by 175
  11. 2024Panacea: Pareto Alignment via Preference Adaptation for LLMscited by 80
  12. 2025EditScore: Unlocking Online RL for Image Editing via High-Fidelity Reward Modelingcited by 64
  13. 2024Parrot: Pareto-optimal Multi-Reward Reinforcement Learning Framework for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 36
  14. 2022PACS: A Dataset for Physical Audiovisual CommonSense Reasoningcited by 18
  15. 2025Kontinuous Kontext: Continuous Strength Control for Instruction-based Image Editingcited by 18
  16. 2024PROUD: PaRetO-gUided Diffusion Model for Multi-objective Generationcited by 16
  17. 2024COS-DPO: Conditioned One-Shot Multi-Objective Fine-Tuning Frameworkcited by 5
  18. 2026Preference Conditioned Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning: Decomposed, Diversity-Driven Policy Optimizationcited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Distribution Matching Distillation Meets Reinforcement Learning
  2. 2026Rethinking the Design Space of Reinforcement Learning for Diffusion Models: On the Importance of Likelihood Estimation Beyond Loss Design
  3. 2026On-Policy Self-Distillation in Diffusion Models
  4. 2025Diffusion Models for Reinforcement Learning: Foundations, Taxonomy, and Development
  5. 2026Scaling Reinforcement Learning for Diffusion Models via Velocity Matching
  6. 2026DiffusionART: Efficient, Stable and Scalable Reinforcement of Diffusion Models
  7. 2024Large-scale Reinforcement Learning for Diffusion Models
  8. 2026TDM-R1: Reinforcing Few-Step Diffusion Models with Non-Differentiable Reward