mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Agentic Frameworks for Reasoning Tasks: An Empirical Study

arXiv 2604.16646 ↗First posted 17 Apr 2026cs.AI cs.SEcited by 0

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in agentic frameworks have enabled AI agents to perform complex reasoning and decision-making. However, evidence comparing their reasoning performance, efficiency, and practical suitability remains limited. To address this gap, we empirically evaluate 22 widely used agentic frameworks across three reasoning benchmarks: BBH, GSM8K, and ARC. The frameworks were selected from 1,200 GitHub repositories collected between January 2023 and July 2025 and organized into a taxonomy based on architectural design. We evaluated them under a unified setting, measuring reasoning accuracy, execution time, computational cost, and cross-benchmark consistency. Our results show that 19 of the 22 frameworks completed all three benchmarks. Among these, 12 showed stable performance, with mean accuracy of 74.6-75.9%, execution time of 4-6 seconds per task, and cost of 0.14-0.18 cents per task. Poorer results were mainly caused by orchestration problems rather than reasoning limits. For example, Camel failed to complete BBH after 11 days because of uncontrolled context growth, while Upsonic consumed USD 1,434 in one day because repeated extraction failures triggered costly retries. AutoGen and Mastra also exhausted API quotas through iterative interactions that increased prompt length without improving results. We also found a sharp drop in mathematical reasoning. Mean accuracy on GSM8K was 44.35%, compared with 89.80% on BBH and 89.56% on ARC. Overall, this study provides the first large-scale empirical comparison of agentic frameworks for reasoning-intensive software engineering tasks and shows that framework selection should prioritize orchestration quality, especially memory control, failure handling, and cost management.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 42 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Apr 2026.

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42 of 63 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

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  11. 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework1 Aug

Other references · 31

  1. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  2. 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,710
  3. 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,906
  4. 2022Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Themcited by 1,767
  5. 2023ChatDev: Communicative Agents for Software Developmentcited by 893
  6. 2022Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Modelscited by 684
  7. 2024A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model based Agentscited by 622
  8. 2022Towards Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 593
  9. 2024GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 533
  10. 2023Scaling Relationship on Learning Mathematical Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 417
  11. 2023Auto-GPT for Online Decision Making: Benchmarks and Additional Opinionscited by 250
  12. 2024CharXiv: Charting Gaps in Realistic Chart Understanding in Multimodal LLMscited by 229
19 more
  1. 2024FrontierMath: A Benchmark for Evaluating Advanced Mathematical Reasoning in AIcited by 227
  2. 2024A Careful Examination of Large Language Model Performance on Grade School Arithmeticcited by 188
  3. 2024Large Language Model-Based Agents for Software Engineering: A Surveycited by 173
  4. 2025ARC-AGI-2: A New Challenge for Frontier AI Reasoning Systemscited by 171
  5. 2024LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems for Software Engineering: Literature Review, Vision and the Road Aheadcited by 155
  6. 2025BIG-Bench Extra Hardcited by 123
  7. 2024Self-Discover: Large Language Models Self-Compose Reasoning Structurescited by 108
  8. 2023TaskWeaver: A Code-First Agent Frameworkcited by 85
  9. 2024HumanEval Pro and MBPP Pro: Evaluating Large Language Models on Self-invoking Code Generationcited by 39
  10. 2024Not All LLM Reasoners Are Created Equalcited by 29
  11. 2025Scaling Behaviors of LLM Reinforcement Learning Post-Training: An Empirical Study in Mathematical Reasoningcited by 23
  12. 2025An Empirical Study of Testing Practices in Open Source AI Agent Frameworks and Agentic Applicationscited by 14
  13. 2025An Empirical Study of Agent Developer Practices in AI Agent Frameworkscited by 14
  14. 2025Assessing Small Language Models for Code Generation: An Empirical Study with Benchmarkscited by 8
  15. 2025Comprehension Without Competence: Architectural Limits of LLMs in Symbolic Computation and Reasoningcited by 7
  16. 2025A Comprehensive Empirical Evaluation of Agent Frameworks on Code-centric Software Engineering Taskscited by 7
  17. 2025ARC-AGI Without Pretrainingcited by 3
  18. 2026LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems for Code Generation: A Multi-Vocal Literature Reviewcited by 2
  19. 2026Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models on Software Engineering Tasks: A Multi-Task Benchmarkcited by 1

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